Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación

Iran and Saudi Arabia, Geopolitical Rivalries and Confrontation Scenarios

Contenido principal del artículo

Sergio I. Moya Mena

Resumen

La rivalidad entre Arabia Saudí y la República Islámica de Irán conforma una de las características más significativas del panorama político de Medio Oriente. Durante muchos años, estos dos países han luchado por el poder y la influencia regional. Este artículo analiza esa relación de competencia. En primer lugar, se describen los antecedentes históricos de la relación entre los dos países. En segundo lugar, se consideran los factores geopolíticos que dan forma a la rivalidad entre saudíes e iraníes y, posteriormente, se analizan los principales escenarios geográficos de confrontación, las narrativas religiosas enfrentadas, así como las capacidades y la vulnerabilidad económica y militar de ambos países. Finalmente, el artículo plantea una consideración hipotética sobre un conflicto militar entre ambos países. El artículo demuestra que –hasta el momento– la disputa por el poder y la influencia regional favorece los intereses de Irán; sin embargo, dada la naturaleza de las alianzas regionales y extrarregionales, una escalada del conflicto al ámbito militar no favorecería los intereses de Teherán.

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