https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/issue/feed Turismo y Sociedad 2025-07-01T15:16:13-05:00 Laura S. Gómez Ariza revistaturismoysociedad@uexternado.edu.co Open Journal Systems <p>The Facultad de Administración de Empresas Turísticas y Hoteleras, of the Universidad Externado de Colombia, invites scholars, researchers and specialists in tourism to publish in the journal Turismo y Sociedad (ISSN: 0120-7555; E-ISSN: 2346-206X), to disseminate the results of scientific and technological research on this activity. The journal is distributed national and internationally. It started as an annual publication in 2002 and it has been published twice a year since 2015.</p> <p>The journal seeks to open an academic exchange of ideas, views and debate and has the aim to present scientific and technical papers which have not been published in other journals and are the product of theoretical or research practice. It also seeks to contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the areas of leisure, recreation and tourism planning, sustainable tourism, economy and tourism, management of tourism, culture and tourism research, tourism policies and impacts of tourism in Colombia, Latin America and the world through case studies. </p> <p>The journal contributes to the analysis of two fundamental axes of the sector: the territories and businesses. Territories understood as natural, cultural and symbolic and tourist service providers that are part of the value chain. It is open to academics, researchers, specialists and scholars of tourism, at various industry players, planners and business-tourism-and all those interested in tourism as a multidimensional phenomenon for whom is a reference tool.</p> https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/10552 Ethnic Tourism: Synergy of Conceptual Positions on Tourist Activity and The Commercialization of Culture 2025-07-01T11:31:31-05:00 Yalexi María Reinoso Pérez yreinoso1@unisimon.edu.co Jairo Antonio Enamorado Estrada jairo.enamorado@unisimon.edu.co <p>The aim of this article was to integrate different theoretical positions on ethnic tourism, creating synergy between the elements that describe the processes of marketing culture within the tourist activity in the indigenous territories. It is a polysemic concept, from different fields and perspectives, on which it is necessary to create meeting points and conceptual consensus. The methodology was based on the documentary review and the dialectical and interpretive hermeneutics of different scientific research and publications extracted from recognized digital databases. Among the conclusions, ethnic tourism is a broad concept that includes important elements within the culture of ethnic communities, constituting a type of tourism that positively affects the socio-economic development of the localities, generating a real significance for the economic dynamics and the quality of life of ethnic social groups.</p> 2025-07-01T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Yalexi María Reinoso Pérez, Jairo Antonio Enamorado Estrada https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/10554 Animals: Hosts and Employees of the Tourism Industry in Mazatlan 2025-07-01T11:36:59-05:00 Andrés Felipe García-Londoño afgarcialo@unal.edu.co <p>Wildlife-based tourism has experienced a remarkable boom worldwide, but its ethical implications and impacts on animal welfare and conservation have been little studied. This article critically examines the interactions between tourists and animals in Mazatlán, Mexico, through participant observation of wildlife-based tourism activities. Findings reveal a tension between the economic interests of tourism, animal welfare, and ecosystem conservation. A utilitarian vision of animals as resources for entertainment predominates, leading to ethical problems in activities such as marine mammal watching, artificial feeding of urban fauna, the use of captive animals for photography, animal trafficking and animal shows. There is evidence of negative impacts on animal welfare and potential ecological imbalances. To move towards sustainable and ethical tourism, a cultural change is needed that prioritizes respect for all forms of life, strengthening regulations, environmental education, and scientific research. Specific recommendations are proposed for each activity analyzed, emphasizing collaboration among stakeholders and the adoption of evidence-based best practices.</p> 2025-07-01T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Andrés Felipe García-Londoño https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/10555 Community-Based Initiatives for the Development of Regenerative Tourism: Actors and Variables. Case: Southern Villages of Fusagasugá (Cundinamarca, Colombia) 2025-07-01T11:41:37-05:00 Deiwi Jesús Zurbarán-Arias deiwi.zurbaran@uexternado.edu.co Sairi T. Piñeros sapineros@unal.edu.co <p>The research examines the development of regenerative tourism in the rural communities of southern Fusagasugá, Cundinamarca, focusing on community organization and the environmental and cultural impacts of tourism. It aims to characterize communitybased initiatives and the interactions among key actors that influence this process. Using a mixed methodology, including tools such as MACTOR and MICMAC, Data collection involved workshops, collaborative work sessions, and field visits, all of which contributed to strengthening community cohesion. The findings reveal a variety of community-driven rural tourism initiatives, although they face challenges in terms of legality and formalization. Key stakeholders, such as local associations and the mayor’s office, play an essential role in implementing regenerative practices. The study concludes that strengthening collaboration, improving infrastructure, and enhancing environmental education are essential steps toward establishing regenerative tourism that generates lasting positive impacts on both the community and the ecosystem.</p> 2025-07-03T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Deiwi Jesús Zurbarán-Arias, Sairi T. Piñeros https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/10556 Wellness and Peace Tourism: Potentials, Needs and Key Actors in Quindío (Colombia) 2025-07-01T11:45:56-05:00 Raquel Santos Lacueva raquel.santos@fi-group.com José Manuel Cimadevilla Acevedo josecimadevilla0288@gmail.com Andrés Felipe Villalba Jerez andres.villalba123@gmail.com Sheila Sánchez Bergara Sheila.sanchez@fi-group.com Sandra Patricia Cote Daza spcoted@libertadores.edu.co Cinta Sanz-Ibáñez cinta.sanzi@urv.cat Jesús Alexis Barón Chivara jabaron@universidadmayor.edu.co <p>Wellness tourism is a development alternative for territories with natural resources such as hot springs and services related to meditation or mindfulness experiences. In Quindío (Colombia), promoting this type of activity can also contribute to the recovery of the territories in a post-conflict scenario as a complementary proposal to the tourist activities that are developed in the region. To understand the potential and needs of the department in relation to wellness tourism, we conducted ten expert interviews. The results show that the objectives of the wellness tourism projects are unrelated to the pacification processes. The lack of credibility and stability of the peace agreement could hinder Colombia’s tourism development. However, there are situations of construction of dialogue and strengthening of trust between territorial actors through wellness tourism.</p> 2025-07-01T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Raquel Santos Lacueva, José Manuel Cimadevilla Acevedo, Andrés Felipe Villalba Jerez, Sheila Sánchez Bergara, Sandra Patricia Cote Daza, Cinta Sanz-Ibáñez, Jesús Alexis Barón Chivara https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/10566 Nurturing online trust in the digital sphere: Case study of self-catering apartments in Cáceres, a Unesco World Heritage Site 2025-07-01T12:22:21-05:00 Greg Capel-Davies gcapeldavies001@ikasle.ehu.eus María Gemma Sánchez González sanchez_gemma@hotmail.com <p>The use of online technology is taken for granted when reserving services such as tourist accommodation. Hospitality businesses with digital payment methods seem to build a sense of trust before guests set foot in the establishment. How can the digital sphere replicate human values? Representations of technology flood every aspect of the hospitality industry, adapting to the demands of generation-Z (Gen-Z) customers, therefore establishing and maintaining trust. The objective of this study was to analyse mechanisms behind digital trust and their direct impact on the commercial/personal relationship mainly between guests and tourist apartment owners. The research tool employed in the research was a Likert-scale-based questionnaire. Through the structural equation method (SEM-PLS), 186 responses were digitally collected from tourism university students as well as guests and tourist apartment owners from the historical city of Cáceres (Spain). Results highlighted that achieving a balance between security, convenience, and trust is crucial for the success of digital payment systems.</p> 2025-07-03T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Greg Capel-Davies , María Gemma Sánchez González https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/10568 How well can ChatGPT manage service failures? 2025-07-01T12:34:40-05:00 Emre Yaşar emreyasar1852@gmail.com Eda Yayla Edayayla96@gmail.com <p>This study examines the effectiveness of ChatGPT-4o in the service recovery processes for service failures in hotel businesses. Study data were collected through semi-structured interviews with hotel businesses and customers. Two different interview forms were created. The first of these interview forms is the Interview-1 coded form for hotel business employees and managers. In Interview-2, the criteria are that the customers have experienced at least one service failure in the past and that they have stayed at the hotel business within the last year. Purposive sampling was applied in both Interview-1 and Interview-2. Within the scope of these criteria, interviews were conducted with 9 hotel business employees (including managers) in Interview-1. In Interview-2, 19 customers were interviewed. The results indicate that ChatGPT-4o could be more effective than human resources in the recovery of service failures and plays a significant role in enhancing customer satisfaction. This study assesses the potential of ChatGPT-4o in service recovery processes and offers innovative solutions to improve service quality and customer satisfaction in the tourism sector.</p> 2025-07-01T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Emre Yaşar , Eda Yayla https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/10563 An exploratory study on the determination of supply indicators for gastronomy tourism in Turkey 2025-07-01T12:12:57-05:00 Merve Işkin merveiskin@odu.edu.tr Mehmet Sariisik msariisik@subu.edu.tr <p>The main purpose of this study is to determine the main indicators of supply related to gastronomic tourism in a destination Turkey. Quantitative research methods were used in this study. The questionnaire format was preferred as a data collection tool. The research has two separate study research universes. For this reason, the data of the research were obtained via two separate questionnaires from two different samples: 1291 questionnaires collected face-to-face and online were included in the final analysis. According to the results of the research, 26 of 40 gastronomy supply sources are gastronomy tourism indicators for Turkey in line with the opinions of gastronomy experts and domestic tourists in Turkey According to the findings and results of the study, among Turkey’s gastronomic tourism supply sources, the elements with the highest importance-performance degree are locality, authenticity, and culture. It is possible to reveal strong elements that will provide competitive advantages from the indicators revealed by the importanceperformance analysis. Likewise, it can be determined which indicators are weak in terms of gastronomy tourism.</p> 2025-07-01T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Merve Işkin , Mehmet Sariisik https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/10564 Atmospheric Elements in Restaurant Service and Their Incidence on Diner Satisfaction 2025-07-01T12:17:26-05:00 Shirley Carolina Segura Ronquillo caritoscsr@hotmail.com Luis Fernando Albán Alaña lfalban29@gmail.com Jaime Moisés Samaniego López samaniego.jmsl@gmail.com <p>Diner satisfaction is a widely studied construct that refers to a series of atmospheric elements present in the environment of a restaurant that are not always perceived by the diners themselves but contribute to their overall experience. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of atmospheric elements on the satisfaction of diners in restaurants in the city of Guayaquil. This correlational design study used a quantitative methodology that included surveys applied to 384 diners of second and third category restaurants, which make up the largest gastronomic offer in the city. The results showed that the atmosphere of the service maintains a strong statistical correlation with the overall satisfaction, therefore it influences the decisions of the diners and their gastronomic experience. The practical implications of atmospheric elements for restaurant managers in terms of physical and service design are also presented.</p> 2025-07-03T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Shirley Carolina Segura Ronquillo , Luis Fernando Albán Alaña , Jaime Moisés Samaniego López https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/10558 Sustainable Hotel Supply and Purchase Intention. A Review of The Literature 2025-07-01T11:52:57-05:00 Camila Montells Corbea cmontellsc001@alumno.uaemex.mx Arlen Sánchez Valdés asanchezva@uaemex.mx Laura Peñaloza Suárez lpenalozas@uaemex.mx Rosa María Nava Rogel rmnavar@uaemex.mx <p>Since the beginning of this century, sustainability has emerged as a strategy to distinguish tourist destinations and to achieve better environmental, social, and economic practices. This strategy has permeated the tourism industry, causing hotels to recognize the importance of implementing sustainable practices. A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA methodology, to analyze the current state of the art of studies on sustainable hotel supply and its impact on consumer behavior. The findings reveal three categories: sustainable hotels and their impact on consumption, disposition towards sustainable hospitality and perception of sustainable practices in the hotel supply. However, there are clear gaps in promoting sustainable behavior and fully integrating sustainable practices in the hotel industry.</p> 2025-07-01T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Camila Montells Corbea , Arlen Sánchez Valdés , Laura Peñaloza Suárez , Rosa María Nava Rogel https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/10560 Evaluation of Sustainable Tourism Management in The Cerro Quininí Protective Forest Reserve in Tibacuy (Cundinamarca, Colombia) 2025-07-01T11:57:36-05:00 Julián David López Cortés judlopezc@udistrital.edu.co <p>This research evaluated the management of sustainable tourism in a context of nature protection as is the case of the Cerro Quininí Protected Forest Reserve (RFPCQ) in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. To achieve this, indicators and variables were defined through a bibliographic review of the last decade. The tourism management system was then described based on the relationship between 5 management categories. Seven variables were identified as appropriate to evaluate the administrative performance of tourism in this context. A forum of experts was convened to qualify these variables, and the results were compiled for analysis. The findings clearly indicate that the tourism performance of the RFPCQ currently tends towards sustainability. However, it does not achieve an effective coordination between public institutions and resident communities. This an area of improvement necessary to achieve an effective sustainable development in the territory.</p> 2025-07-01T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Julián David López Cortés https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/10561 Characterization of a Birdwatching Trail in the Sierra la Laguna Biosphere Reserve, BCS, Mexico 2025-07-01T12:01:33-05:00 José Emer García de la Puente Orozco jegarcia@uabcs.mx Miguel Ángel Ojeda Ruiz maojeda@uabcs.mx Jorge Saúl Ramírez Pérez jramirezp@uas.mx.edu David Petatán Ramírez dpetatan@ipn.mx <p>Avitourism, defined as ecotourism with a focus on birds, has emerged as a prominent form of ecotourism on a global scale. This phenomenon presents a significant opportunity for the economic development of communities residing within Protected Natural Areas (PNA), which frequently encounter educational and employment constraints, thereby prompting their inhabitants to seek opportunities elsewhere. The objective of this research is to design and characterize a birdwatching trail in San Antonio de la Sierra, which is situated within the Sierra La Laguna Biosphere Reserve (REBIOSLA). This initiative aims to conserve biodiversity and promote local economic development by integrating the community into ecotourism activities within this PNA. To achieve this objective, digital avian observation data were utilized to analyze their distribution and accessibility within the designated area. The proposed trail is segmented into three sections, each characterized by distinct vegetation types, and hosts a total of 132 bird species, including three endemic to Baja California Sur and 14 exclusive to REBIOSLA.</p> 2025-07-03T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 José Emer García de la Puente Orozco, Miguel Ángel Ojeda Ruiz, Jorge Saúl Ramírez Pérez, David Petatán Ramírez https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/10562 Tourism Diagnosis of San Miguel Ixtapan (Tejupilco, Mexico): Opportunities and Challenges for the Development of Rural Tourism 2025-07-01T12:08:23-05:00 Daniel de Jesús Contreras ddejesusc@uaemex.mx Carmen Alondra Ugarte Benítez alondra_ugarte@outlook.com.ar Carlos Rubén Aguilar-Gómez craguilarg@uaemex.mx <p>Tourism is regarded as a potential avenue for economic diversification in rural regions; however, its implementation necessitates a thorough evaluation of its prospective benefits. This paper presents the findings of a tourism diagnosis conducted in the community of San Miguel Ixtapan, with the objective of assessing the prerequisites for implementing rural tourism activities to promote local development. The methodological process was structured across seven stages: (a) basic territorial explorations, (b) analysis of the tourism environment, (c) analysis of factors affecting the state of resources, (d) socio-tourism explorations of demand, (e) analysis of tourism enterprises, (f) governance, and (g) situational diagnosis. The results suggest that the community possesses exceptional natural and cultural resources; however, it lacks fundamental services and infrastructure to accommodate tourism, among other aspects. The study’s findings indicate that the implementation of rural tourism is both viable and sustainable in the medium and long term. However, it is imperative to prioritize the enhancement of the local population’s living conditions as a prerequisite for the successful integration of rural tourism.</p> 2025-07-01T00:00:00-05:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Daniel de Jesús Contreras , Carmen Alondra Ugarte Benítez , Carlos Rubén Aguilar-Gómez