Sudáfrica en los BRICS
South Africa in the BRICS
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Harrison, P. 2014. Sudáfrica en los BRICS. Oasis. 19 (jun. 2014), 67–84.
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Jun 15, 2014
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La membresía de Sudáfrica en los BRICS ha generado controversia. Un gran número de observadores han argumentado que este país es demasiado pequeño en términos de economía y población para ser un miembro real de este grupo. En este texto se acepta que Sudáfrica podría no tener un lugar en la construcción analítica que Jim O’Neill, de Goldman Sachs, inventó en 2001; sin embargo, también se arguye que es un miembro válido y legítimo de la construcción política que hoy en día conocemos como BRIC(S). Sudáfrica tiene el soft power (poder blando) que se necesita para jugar un papel constructivo en el reequilibrio global del poder geopolítico, y es una voz potencial para el continente africano. A pesar de lo anterior, la posición de Sudáfrica en los BRICS debe ser entendida en términos de su controvertido papel como líder en África; los resultados ambiguos del compromiso de los BRICS con el continente, y el peligro de que estos se puedan convertir en un grupo exclusivo y autoseleccionado en lugar de una fuerza poderosa que logre una mayor equidad global.
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Sandrey, R., Fundira, T. and Jensen, H. (2013). Chinese domination of the African industrial goods market. In Sandrey, R., Fundira, T., Fick, N., Jensen, H., Viljoen, W., and Nyhodo, B. (eds.). BRICS: South Africa’s Way Ahead? Stellenbosch: Trade Law Centre (Tralac).
Sandrey, R., Vink, N., and Jensen, H. (2013). The BRICS and agricultural exports to Africa: are they a threat to South African interests? In Sandrey, R., Fundira, T., Fick, N., Jensen, H., Viljoen, W., and Nyhodo, B. (eds.). BRICS: South Africa’s Way Ahead? Stellenbosch: Trade Law Centre (Tralac).
Sandrey, R. and Fink, N. (2013). South Africa’s way ahead: into the mist? In Sandrey, R., Fundira, T., Fick, N., Jensen, H., Viljoen, W., and Nyhodo, B. (eds.). BRICS: South Africa’s Way Ahead? Stellenbosch: Trade Law Centre (Tralac).
Singer, D. (1987). Reconstructing the Correlates of War Dataset on Material Capabilities of States, 18161985. International Interactions, 14, 115-32.
Smith, K. (2012). Soft Power: The essence of South Africa’s foreign policy. In Landsberg, C., and van Wyk, J. (eds.). South African Foreign Review (vol. 1). Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa.
Statistics South Africa (2012). Tourism, 2012, Report Number 03-51-02 (2012).
Statistics South Africa (2014). Tourism and Migration. Statistical Release P0351.
Stolte, C. (2012). Brazil in Africa: Just another BRICS country seeking resources? Chatham House Briefing Paper. Available in: http://renewlibrary. org/contents/67e9b08297100422697b4743a3_brazilafrica.pdf
United Nations Development Programme (2013). United Nations Development Report, 2013. The Rise of the South. Available in: http://hdr.undp.org/ sites/default/files/reports/14/hdr2013_en_complete.pdf
United Nations Development Programme (2014). Data Source. Available in: http://hdr.undp.org/en/data.
Wilson, D. and Purushothaman, R. (2003). Dreaming with BRICS: the path to 2050. Global Economics Paper, 99, Goldman Sachs.
World Economic Forum (2013). Global Competitiveness Report, 2013-2014.
Zondi, S. (2012). South Africa and the BRICS: An Ingrained Ambiguity. E-International Relations. Available in: http://www.e-ir.info/2012/06/12/south-africa-and-the-BRICS-an-ingrained-ambiguity/.
Armijo, L. E. (2007). The BRICS Countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) as an Analytical Category: Mirage or Insight? Asian Perspective, 31 (4), 7-42.
Bond, P. (2013). Sub-imperialism as Lubricant of Neoliberalism: South African ‘deputy sheriff’ duty within BRICS. Third World Quarterly, 34 (2), 251-270.
BRICS (2013). Joint Statistical Publication. Available in: http://www.statssa.gov.za/news_archive/Docs/final_BRICS%20publication_print_23%20march%202013_Reworked.pdf.
Correlates of War (2014). Updated database. Available in: http://correlatesofwar.org/cow2%20Data/Capabilities/nmc_v4_0.csv.
Department of Trade and Industry – DTI (2014). Trade Statistics. Available in: http://tradestats.thedti.gov.za.
ECA - Economic Commission for Africa (2013). Africa BRICS Cooperation: Implications for Growth, Employment and Structural Transformation in Africa, Economic Commission for Africa: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, accessed on http://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/publications/africa-BRICS_cooperation_eng.pdf.
Economist Intelligence Unit (2013). Hotspots: Benchmarking Global City Competitiveness. Available in: http://www.economistinsights.com/sites/default/ files/downloads/Hot%20Spots.pdf.
Flemes, D. (2009). India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) in the New Global Order: Interests, Strategies and Values of the Emerging Coalition. International Studies, 46 (4), 401-421.
Future Brand (2013). Country Brand Index, 2012/13. Available in: www.futurebrand.com/images/uploads/studies/cbi/cbi_2012-Final.pdf.
Ghosh, J. (2013). The Global Economic Chessboard and the Role of the BRICS: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa. Third World Resurgence, 271. Available in: http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-global-economic-chessboard-and-the-role-of-the-BRICSbrazil-russia-india-china-south-africa/5357502.
IDC – Industrial Development Corporation (2013). Trade Report: BRICS Trade Performance Focusing on South Africa. Available in: http://www.idc.co.za/images/Content/idc_research_report_BRICS_trade_performance_focusing_on_South_Africa.pdf.
IMF – International Monetary Fund (2014). World Economic Outlook, imf World Economic and Financial Survey. Available in: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2014/01/pdf/text.pdf.
Karakousis, A. (2014). BRICS and Greece, To BHMA (English Edition), 31 July, 2014. Available in: http://www.tovima.gr/en/article/?aid=616195.
Kahn, M. J. (2011). The BRICS and South Africa as the Gateway to Africa, Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 111 (7).
Manufacturing Circle (2014). BRICS outlook for South Africa, 2014: Imperatives for the Promotion of South African Manufacturing, a presentation. Available in: http://inw.org.za/download_files/BRICS%202014_Manufacturing%20Challenges%20BRICS%20countries_C%20Bezuidenhout.pdf.
Michael, B., Hartwell, C. and Nureev, B. (2014). Soft Power: A Double-Edged Sword, BRICS Business Magazine. Available in: http://BRICSmagazine.com/en/articles/soft-power-a-double-edged-sword.
Naidu, S. (2013). South Africa and the BRIC: Punching above its weight? In Daniel, J., Naidoo, P., Pillay, D., and Southall, R. (eds.). New South Africa Review 3. Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
Nkoane-Mashabane, M. (2012). South Africa’s Role in BRICS, and Its Benefits to Job Creation and the Infrastructure Drive in South Africa, Speech presented at The New Age Business Briefing, Johannesburg, September 11, 2012. Available in: http://www.BRICS.utoronto.ca/docs/120911-nkoana-mashabane.html.
O’Neill, J. (2001). Building Better Global BRICS, Global Economics Paper, 66, Goldman Sachs.
Pieterse, J. N (2011). Global Rebalancing: Crisis and the East–South Turn. Development and Change, 42 (1), 22-48.
Republic of South Africa (2013). South Africa in BRICS. Available in: http://www.BRICS5.co.za/about-BRICS/south-africa-in-BRICS/
Sandrey, R. (2013). South Africa’s way ahead: Are we a BRIC ? In Sandrey, R., Fundira, T., Fick, N., Jensen, H., Viljoen, W., and Nyhodo, B. (eds.). BRICS: South Africa’s Way Ahead? Stellenbosch: Trade Law Centre (Tralac).
Sandrey, R., Fundira, T. and Jensen, H. (2013). Chinese domination of the African industrial goods market. In Sandrey, R., Fundira, T., Fick, N., Jensen, H., Viljoen, W., and Nyhodo, B. (eds.). BRICS: South Africa’s Way Ahead? Stellenbosch: Trade Law Centre (Tralac).
Sandrey, R., Vink, N., and Jensen, H. (2013). The BRICS and agricultural exports to Africa: are they a threat to South African interests? In Sandrey, R., Fundira, T., Fick, N., Jensen, H., Viljoen, W., and Nyhodo, B. (eds.). BRICS: South Africa’s Way Ahead? Stellenbosch: Trade Law Centre (Tralac).
Sandrey, R. and Fink, N. (2013). South Africa’s way ahead: into the mist? In Sandrey, R., Fundira, T., Fick, N., Jensen, H., Viljoen, W., and Nyhodo, B. (eds.). BRICS: South Africa’s Way Ahead? Stellenbosch: Trade Law Centre (Tralac).
Singer, D. (1987). Reconstructing the Correlates of War Dataset on Material Capabilities of States, 18161985. International Interactions, 14, 115-32.
Smith, K. (2012). Soft Power: The essence of South Africa’s foreign policy. In Landsberg, C., and van Wyk, J. (eds.). South African Foreign Review (vol. 1). Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa.
Statistics South Africa (2012). Tourism, 2012, Report Number 03-51-02 (2012).
Statistics South Africa (2014). Tourism and Migration. Statistical Release P0351.
Stolte, C. (2012). Brazil in Africa: Just another BRICS country seeking resources? Chatham House Briefing Paper. Available in: http://renewlibrary. org/contents/67e9b08297100422697b4743a3_brazilafrica.pdf
United Nations Development Programme (2013). United Nations Development Report, 2013. The Rise of the South. Available in: http://hdr.undp.org/ sites/default/files/reports/14/hdr2013_en_complete.pdf
United Nations Development Programme (2014). Data Source. Available in: http://hdr.undp.org/en/data.
Wilson, D. and Purushothaman, R. (2003). Dreaming with BRICS: the path to 2050. Global Economics Paper, 99, Goldman Sachs.
World Economic Forum (2013). Global Competitiveness Report, 2013-2014.
Zondi, S. (2012). South Africa and the BRICS: An Ingrained Ambiguity. E-International Relations. Available in: http://www.e-ir.info/2012/06/12/south-africa-and-the-BRICS-an-ingrained-ambiguity/.