Ḥarb al-Ma‘lūmāt: Geopolítica de los canales de información árabes después de las sublevaciones de 2011
H.arb al-Ma‘lūmāt: geopolitics of the Arab Information Channels After the Uprisings of 2011
Barra lateral del artículo
PDF
FLIP
HTML
XML
Cómo citar
[1]
Di Rico, M. 2018. Ḥarb al-Ma‘lūmāt: Geopolítica de los canales de información árabes después de las sublevaciones de 2011. Oasis. 27 (may 2018), 67–87. DOI:https://doi.org/10.18601/16577558.n27.05.
Número
Sección
Artículos
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Las sublevaciones populares en la región de Medio Oriente representaron un momento de cambio político en todos los países árabes tanto a nivel nacional como en términos de equilibrio en la geopolítica regional. En el análisis de estos eventos se dio particular relevancia a la agencia de medios de comunicaciones tradicionales y digitales. El canal satelital Al Jazeera en árabe jugó un papel relevante en la propagación de las protestas en diferentes países de la región, tanto por su extensa cobertura de los acontecimientos como por la credibilidad que había ganado entre la población desde su fundación en 1996. Pero la posición del canal respecto a las protestas, y el uso de diferentes enfoques según el país, lo llevaron a perder una parte importante de su audiencia. Por esta razón las sublevaciones, además de ciertos cambios geopolíticos relevantes, llevaron a una reconfiguración del ecosistema mediático de la región, con el establecimiento de nuevos medios informativos y la conformación de un espacio donde diferentes canales de información satelital, en su gran mayoría vinculados con países o actores políticos de la región, lucharon para promocionar su visión sobre los acontecimientos políticos en Medio Oriente. Esa condición ha llevado a la configuración de una nueva geopolítica de la información, en estrecha relación con los equilibrios de poder cambiantes a nivel de política regional. La reflexión sobre la relación entre geopolítica e información abre interrogantes acerca del futuro rol de estos canales como herramientas de política exterior de los principales actores en las disputas geopolíticas.
Palabras clave:
Descargas
Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.
Detalles del artículo
Referencias (VER)
Abdelmoula, E. (2015). Al Jazeera and democratization: the rise of the Arab public sphere. London and New York: Routledge.
Al Abdeh, M. (2012, 4 de octubre). The Media War in Syria. Majalla Magazine. Recuperado de http://eng.majalla.com/2012/10/article55234370/themedia-war-in-syria
Al Arabiya English (2013,9 de julio). ‘We aired lies’: Al Jazeera staff quit over ‘misleading’ Egypt coverage. Recuperado de https://english.alarabiya.net/en/media/2013/07/09/Al-Jazeera-employees-in-Egypt-quit-over-editorial-line-.html
Al Qassemi S. (2012a, 1 de julio). Morsi’s win is Al Jazeera’s loss. Al Monitor. Recuperado de http://www.almonitor.com/pulse/originals/2012/almonitor/morsyswinisal jazeerasloss.html
Al Qassemi, S. (2012b, 2 de agosto). Breaking the Arab News. Foreign Policy. Recuperado de http://foreignpolicy.com/2012/08/02/breaking-thearab-news/
Al Qassemi SS (2013,12 de julio). Al Jazeera’s awful week. Foreign Policy. Recuperado de http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/07/11/al_jazeera_egypt_qatar_mu
Antwi-Boateng, O. (2013). The rise of Qatar as a soft power and the challenges. European Scientific Journal, 2 (Special Edition).
Aras, B y Yorulmazlar, E. (2016). State, region and order: geopolitics of the Arab Spring. Third World Quarterly, 37 (12).
Ayish, M. (2002). Political communication on Arab world television: Evolving patterns. Political Communication, 19, 137-154.
Booth, R. (2010). WikiLeaks cables claim al-Jazeera changed coverage to suit Qatari foreign policy. The Guardian. Recuperado de https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/05/wikileakscables-al-jazeera-qatari-foreign-policy
Bruce, M. (2014). Framing Arab Spring conflict: A visual analysis of coverage on five transnational arab news channels. Journal of Middle East Media, 10, 1.
Cerami, C. (2013). Rethinking turkey’s soft power in the arab world: Islam, secularism, and democracy. Journal of Levantine Studies, 3 (2), 129-150.
Cherkaoui, T. (2014). Al Jazeera’s Changing Editorial Perspectives and the Saudi-Qatari Relationship. The Political Economy of Communication, 2 (1).
Cull, N. (2009). Diplomacia pública: consideraciones teóricas. Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior, 85.
Dennis, E., Martin J. y Wood, R. (2017). Media use in the middle east 2017: A seven-nation survey. Qatar: Northwestern University.
Di Ricco, M. (2012). The arab spring is a Latin American winter: TeleSUR’s ‘Ideological Approach’ and the breakaway from the Al-Jazeera network. Global Media Journal, 2 (1).
El-Nawawy, M. y Powers, S. (2009). News influence and the global media sphere: A case study of Al-Jazeera english, in Allan The Routledge Companion to news and journalism. London - New York: Routledge.
Erdbrink, T. (2011, 14 de mayo). Al Jazeera TV network draws criticism, praise for coverage of Arab revolutions. The Washington Post. Recuperado de https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/al-jazeera-tv-network-draws-criticism-praise-forcoverage-of-arab-revolutions/2011/05/08/AFo-HWs2G_story.html?utm_term=.40c2266389c5
Fahmy, S. y Wanta, W. (2012). Mediated public diplomacy: Satellite TV news in the Arab world and perception effects. International Communication Gazzette, 74 (Issue 8).
Figenschou, T. (2014). Al-Jazeera and the global media landscape: The South is talking back. London - New York: Routledge.
Gilboa, E. (2005). The CNN Effect: The Search for a Communication Theory of International Relations. Political Communication, 22 (1), 27-44.
Hashem, A. (2012, 3 de abril). The Arab Spring has shaken Arab TV’s credibility. The Guardian. Recuperado de http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/apr/03/arab-spring-arabtv-credibility
Jones, A., Kovacich, G. y Luzwick, A. (2002). Global Information Warfare: How Businesses, Governments, and Others Achieve Objectives and Attain Competitive Advantages. Auerbach Publications.
Jones, M. (2017). Hacking, bots and information wars in the Qatar spat, in The Qatar Crisis. Pomeps Briefing, 31.
Khatib, L. (2013). Qatar foreign policy: The limits of pragmatism. International Affairs, 89 (2), 417-431.
Kraidy, M. (2002). Arab satellite television between regionalization and globalization. Global Media Journal, 1 (Issue 1).
Kupchan, F. (2012). No One’s World: The West, the Rising Rest, and the Coming Global Turn. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lahlali, M. (2011). Contemporary Arab Broadcast Media. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Lynch, M. (2005). Voices of the New Arab Public: Iraq, Al-Jazeera, and Middle East Politics Today. New York: Columbia University Press.
Matar, D. y Achcar, G. (2012). Arab uprisings: Geopolitics, strategies and adjustment. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, 5, 7-14.
Nye, J. (1990). Soft power. Foreign Policy, 80.
Nye, J. (2004). Soft power: The means to success in world politics. Public Affairs.
Painter, J. (2008). Counter-Hegemonic News: A Case Study of Al-Jazeera English and Telesur. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford.
Pala, O. y Aras, B. (2015). Practical geopolitical reasoning in the turkish and qatari foreign policy on the Arab Spring. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 17 (3), 286-302.
Powers, S. (2009). The geopolitics of the news: The case of the Al Jazeera network. Doctoral dissertation. University of Southern California.
Powers, S. y Gilboa (2007). The Public Diplomacy of Al Jazeera. En Seib, P. (ed.), New Media and the New Middle East. US: Palgrave Macmillan US.
Roberts, D. (2017). Qatar, the Ikhwan, and transnational relations in the Gulf, in The Qatar Crisis. Pomeps Briefing, 31.
Robertson, A. (2015). Global News. Reporting Conflicts and Cosmopolitanism. New York: Peter Lang.
Salama, V. (2012, 20 de mayo). AlJazeera’s (r)evolution? Jadaliyya. Recuperado de http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/5610/aljazeeras(r)evolution
Salloukh, B. F. (2013). The Arab Uprisings and the Geopolitics of the Middle East. The International Spectator, 48 (2), 32-46.
Samuel-Azran, T. (2013). Al-Jazeera, Qatar, and new tactics in state-sponsored media diplomacy. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(9), 1293-1311.
Seib, P. (1997). Headline Diplomacy: How News Coverage Affects Foreign Policy. Westport: Praeger.
Seib, P. (2009) News and Foreign Policy: Defining Influence, Balancing power, in Allan The Routledge Companion to news and journalism. London - New York: Routledge.
Schleifer, A. (2013, 21 de agosto). How Al Jazeera skews its coverage of Egypt. Al Arabiya English. Recuperado de https://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/media/2013/08/21/How-Al-Jazeeraskews-
its-coverage-of-Egypt.html
Sultan, N. (2013). Al Jazeera: Reflections on the Arab Spring. Journal of Arabian Studies: Arabia, the Gulf, and the Red Sea, 3 (2), 249-264.
Telhami, S. (2011). The 2011 Arab Public Opinion Poll. Maryland University.
The Economist (2013, 12 de enero). Al Jazeera: Must Do Better. Recuperado de http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21569429-arabs-premier-television-network-bids-americanviewers-must-do-better
UNESCO (1980). El informe MacBride: un mundo, muchas voces - Comunicación y sociedad, hoy y mañana. México: FCE.
Xie, S. y Boyd-Barrett, O. (2015). External-National TV News Networks’ Way to America: Is the United States Losing the Global “Information War”? International Journal of Communication, 9, 66-83.
Al Abdeh, M. (2012, 4 de octubre). The Media War in Syria. Majalla Magazine. Recuperado de http://eng.majalla.com/2012/10/article55234370/themedia-war-in-syria
Al Arabiya English (2013,9 de julio). ‘We aired lies’: Al Jazeera staff quit over ‘misleading’ Egypt coverage. Recuperado de https://english.alarabiya.net/en/media/2013/07/09/Al-Jazeera-employees-in-Egypt-quit-over-editorial-line-.html
Al Qassemi S. (2012a, 1 de julio). Morsi’s win is Al Jazeera’s loss. Al Monitor. Recuperado de http://www.almonitor.com/pulse/originals/2012/almonitor/morsyswinisal jazeerasloss.html
Al Qassemi, S. (2012b, 2 de agosto). Breaking the Arab News. Foreign Policy. Recuperado de http://foreignpolicy.com/2012/08/02/breaking-thearab-news/
Al Qassemi SS (2013,12 de julio). Al Jazeera’s awful week. Foreign Policy. Recuperado de http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/07/11/al_jazeera_egypt_qatar_mu
Antwi-Boateng, O. (2013). The rise of Qatar as a soft power and the challenges. European Scientific Journal, 2 (Special Edition).
Aras, B y Yorulmazlar, E. (2016). State, region and order: geopolitics of the Arab Spring. Third World Quarterly, 37 (12).
Ayish, M. (2002). Political communication on Arab world television: Evolving patterns. Political Communication, 19, 137-154.
Booth, R. (2010). WikiLeaks cables claim al-Jazeera changed coverage to suit Qatari foreign policy. The Guardian. Recuperado de https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/05/wikileakscables-al-jazeera-qatari-foreign-policy
Bruce, M. (2014). Framing Arab Spring conflict: A visual analysis of coverage on five transnational arab news channels. Journal of Middle East Media, 10, 1.
Cerami, C. (2013). Rethinking turkey’s soft power in the arab world: Islam, secularism, and democracy. Journal of Levantine Studies, 3 (2), 129-150.
Cherkaoui, T. (2014). Al Jazeera’s Changing Editorial Perspectives and the Saudi-Qatari Relationship. The Political Economy of Communication, 2 (1).
Cull, N. (2009). Diplomacia pública: consideraciones teóricas. Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior, 85.
Dennis, E., Martin J. y Wood, R. (2017). Media use in the middle east 2017: A seven-nation survey. Qatar: Northwestern University.
Di Ricco, M. (2012). The arab spring is a Latin American winter: TeleSUR’s ‘Ideological Approach’ and the breakaway from the Al-Jazeera network. Global Media Journal, 2 (1).
El-Nawawy, M. y Powers, S. (2009). News influence and the global media sphere: A case study of Al-Jazeera english, in Allan The Routledge Companion to news and journalism. London - New York: Routledge.
Erdbrink, T. (2011, 14 de mayo). Al Jazeera TV network draws criticism, praise for coverage of Arab revolutions. The Washington Post. Recuperado de https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/al-jazeera-tv-network-draws-criticism-praise-forcoverage-of-arab-revolutions/2011/05/08/AFo-HWs2G_story.html?utm_term=.40c2266389c5
Fahmy, S. y Wanta, W. (2012). Mediated public diplomacy: Satellite TV news in the Arab world and perception effects. International Communication Gazzette, 74 (Issue 8).
Figenschou, T. (2014). Al-Jazeera and the global media landscape: The South is talking back. London - New York: Routledge.
Gilboa, E. (2005). The CNN Effect: The Search for a Communication Theory of International Relations. Political Communication, 22 (1), 27-44.
Hashem, A. (2012, 3 de abril). The Arab Spring has shaken Arab TV’s credibility. The Guardian. Recuperado de http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/apr/03/arab-spring-arabtv-credibility
Jones, A., Kovacich, G. y Luzwick, A. (2002). Global Information Warfare: How Businesses, Governments, and Others Achieve Objectives and Attain Competitive Advantages. Auerbach Publications.
Jones, M. (2017). Hacking, bots and information wars in the Qatar spat, in The Qatar Crisis. Pomeps Briefing, 31.
Khatib, L. (2013). Qatar foreign policy: The limits of pragmatism. International Affairs, 89 (2), 417-431.
Kraidy, M. (2002). Arab satellite television between regionalization and globalization. Global Media Journal, 1 (Issue 1).
Kupchan, F. (2012). No One’s World: The West, the Rising Rest, and the Coming Global Turn. New York: Oxford University Press.
Lahlali, M. (2011). Contemporary Arab Broadcast Media. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Lynch, M. (2005). Voices of the New Arab Public: Iraq, Al-Jazeera, and Middle East Politics Today. New York: Columbia University Press.
Matar, D. y Achcar, G. (2012). Arab uprisings: Geopolitics, strategies and adjustment. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, 5, 7-14.
Nye, J. (1990). Soft power. Foreign Policy, 80.
Nye, J. (2004). Soft power: The means to success in world politics. Public Affairs.
Painter, J. (2008). Counter-Hegemonic News: A Case Study of Al-Jazeera English and Telesur. Oxford: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford.
Pala, O. y Aras, B. (2015). Practical geopolitical reasoning in the turkish and qatari foreign policy on the Arab Spring. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 17 (3), 286-302.
Powers, S. (2009). The geopolitics of the news: The case of the Al Jazeera network. Doctoral dissertation. University of Southern California.
Powers, S. y Gilboa (2007). The Public Diplomacy of Al Jazeera. En Seib, P. (ed.), New Media and the New Middle East. US: Palgrave Macmillan US.
Roberts, D. (2017). Qatar, the Ikhwan, and transnational relations in the Gulf, in The Qatar Crisis. Pomeps Briefing, 31.
Robertson, A. (2015). Global News. Reporting Conflicts and Cosmopolitanism. New York: Peter Lang.
Salama, V. (2012, 20 de mayo). AlJazeera’s (r)evolution? Jadaliyya. Recuperado de http://www.jadaliyya.com/pages/index/5610/aljazeeras(r)evolution
Salloukh, B. F. (2013). The Arab Uprisings and the Geopolitics of the Middle East. The International Spectator, 48 (2), 32-46.
Samuel-Azran, T. (2013). Al-Jazeera, Qatar, and new tactics in state-sponsored media diplomacy. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(9), 1293-1311.
Seib, P. (1997). Headline Diplomacy: How News Coverage Affects Foreign Policy. Westport: Praeger.
Seib, P. (2009) News and Foreign Policy: Defining Influence, Balancing power, in Allan The Routledge Companion to news and journalism. London - New York: Routledge.
Schleifer, A. (2013, 21 de agosto). How Al Jazeera skews its coverage of Egypt. Al Arabiya English. Recuperado de https://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/media/2013/08/21/How-Al-Jazeeraskews-
its-coverage-of-Egypt.html
Sultan, N. (2013). Al Jazeera: Reflections on the Arab Spring. Journal of Arabian Studies: Arabia, the Gulf, and the Red Sea, 3 (2), 249-264.
Telhami, S. (2011). The 2011 Arab Public Opinion Poll. Maryland University.
The Economist (2013, 12 de enero). Al Jazeera: Must Do Better. Recuperado de http://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21569429-arabs-premier-television-network-bids-americanviewers-must-do-better
UNESCO (1980). El informe MacBride: un mundo, muchas voces - Comunicación y sociedad, hoy y mañana. México: FCE.
Xie, S. y Boyd-Barrett, O. (2015). External-National TV News Networks’ Way to America: Is the United States Losing the Global “Information War”? International Journal of Communication, 9, 66-83.
Citado por
