El rol de la familiness en las estrategias de innovación y apropiación de las empresas familiares argentinas
The role of familiness in the innovation and appropriation strategies of Argentine family businesses
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Las empresas familiares desempeñan un rol fundamental en la economía, ya que constituyen una amplia mayoría de empresas en los distintos países y sectores y realizan un importante aporte al empleo, la producción y la generación de valor. Sin embargo, ocupan un espacio reducido en la literatura económica y empresarial, que generalmente estudia el comportamiento de las empresas sin considerar esta característica. Esto es incluso más marcado en el caso de la literatura sobre innovación, aun cuando las empresas familiares realizan también un aporte relevante a la economía a través de innovaciones productivas, organizativas y comerciales. Este artículo pretende cubrir este vacío en el caso argentino, analizando la conducta innovadora de estas firmas y, fundamentalmente, sus estrategias de apropiación. Para ello se basa en evidencia empírica derivada de la más reciente encuesta de innovación argentina (ENDEI II) que cuenta con datos sobre 3.944 empresas, de las cuales 2.945 son familiares. Para analizar el vínculo entre el carácter familiar de las empresas, sus actividades de innovación y sus estrategias de apropiación se recurre al concepto de familiness, que alude a aquellos elementos idiosincráticos que surgen de la interacción entre los miembros de la familia y su participación en la empresa, y le confieren a la misma su carácter distintivo. Los resultados del estudio muestran que la familiness no se presenta con la misma intensidad (débil o fuerte) en todas las empresas familiares, y que tanto la actividad innovadora como la forma en que las empresas familiares se apropian de los resultados de innovación difieren de acuerdo con su grado de familiness.
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