Cooperación Corea del Sur-Colombia al año 2030: hacia la consolidación de una alianza estratégica para aprovechar el conocimiento como catalizador del desarrollo sostenible
Cooperation between South Korea and Colombia by 2030: Towards the consolidation of a strategic alliance to leverage knowledge as a catalyst for sustainable development
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La República de Corea busca consolidar su influencia en la agenda global de desarrollo y mantener su posición como potencia intermedia. Entre sus instrumentos de política exterior, se destaca la asistencia oficial al desarrollo (AOD), a través de la cual, además de promover su experiencia de transición de país menos desarrollado a país de renta alta, busca afianzar la cooperación política y económica con sus países socios, principalmente en el Sudeste Asiático, África y Suramérica.
A 2030, Corea se ha comprometido a destinar 0,3% de su ingreso nacional bruto (INB) para financiar su AOD global. Esto implica doblar su actual presupuesto anual de USD 3.331 millones a más de USD 6.700 millones en los próximos cinco años. Si las condiciones de crecimiento económico se mantienen estables, se perfila un aumento progresivo de la cooperación coreana hacia sus 27 países socios, a través de estrategias bilaterales de cooperación. La definición de una nueva agenda programática con Corea revela el mejor escenario para asegurar una cooperación “realmente estratégica” a fin de potenciar los aportes internacionales al progreso socioeconómico de Colombia.
Este artículo analiza el posicionamiento geopolítico de Corea y su relacionamiento con Colombia en el marco del ecosistema mundial de cooperación, a fin de consolidar la nueva “Country Partnership Strategy–CPS” 2026-2030. Primero, hace una revisión de la política exterior de Corea, considerando sus transformaciones históricas, prioridades y desafíos. Segundo, explica la política de cooperación coreana y el desempeño de sus flujos de AOD, resaltando su propuesta de valor basada en el conocimiento como catalizador del desarrollo. Finalmente, propone recomendaciones a Colombia para la nueva estrategia bilateral, enfocándose en mecanismos de cooperación inexplorados y temáticas emergentes, en coherencia con su rol dual (receptor de AOD/ oferente de CSS) y sus aspiraciones de desarrollo.
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