Interregional mechanisms for protection of African migrants in the Gulf Region: What prospects for Africa?

Interregional mechanisms for protection of African migrants in the Gulf Region: What prospects for Africa?

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La migración es un fenómeno común en África. Los ciudadanos migran en el continente por un sinnúmero de razones que incluyen educación, reunificación familiar, empleo, comercio e inversión. Un número significativo de africanos viajan al Medio Oriente en búsqueda de mejores oportunidades económicas. Con la intensificación de la globalización y los avances tecnológicos, se espera que la movilidad humana a través de fronteras internacionales se incremente en las próximas décadas. Aun con los retos que enfrenta la migración internacional, los migrantes juegan un papel fundamental en los países de destino ya que incrementan la población en edad de trabajar, contribuyen con el desarrollo de capital humano y enriquecen los procesos tecnológicos. Los países de origen han centrado su interés en sus comunidades en la diáspora no solo por el incremento de las remesas, sino también por los conocimientos de los migrantes. El creciente número de migrantes africanos exige una alianza estratégica entre África y Medio Oriente a través un foro multilateral que facilite las consultas y la coordinación de políticas para el beneficio de ambas partes. Este artículo analiza la migración intraafricana, los patrones de migración de África hacia Medio Oriente y los países del Consejo de Cooperación del Golfo (CCG), las motivaciones de la migración, las contribuciones positivas y los retos de los migrantes, las respuestas nacionales y de las Comunidades Económicas Regionales (REC) frente a la protección de los migrantes. Las recomendaciones fundamentales incluyen el fortalecimiento de políticas de libre movilidad que son críticas para que África pueda proteger los derechos de los migrantes dentro del continente, el trabajo hacia la mejora de la información sobre migración que pueda informar las políticas públicas, fomentar la cooperación interregional entre las REC africanas para aprovechar el potencial de la migración intraafricana, y acelerar el establecimiento de un foro multilateral efectivo para África y Medio Oriente encaminado a las consultas políticas y la coordinación para garantizar sus intereses comunes.

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