Türkiye’s transregionalism with South Asia: Geoculture-boosted multifaceted bilateralism
Türkiye’s transregionalism with South Asia: Geoculture-boosted multifaceted bilateralism
Barra lateral del artículo
PDF (English)
FLIP
HTML (English)
XML (English)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
El transregionalismo se relaciona con interacciones más laxas y menos institucionales, que funcionan a través de actores tanto estatales como no estatales. Su menor necesidad de instituciones multilaterales y basadas en las normas hace que el transregionalismo sea naturalmente flexible, multifacético y más orientado al bilateralismo. El entusiasmo de Türkiye por profundizar las relaciones con Asia, que quedó oficialmente plasmado en la iniciativa Asia Anew, es un buen ejemplo de ese bilateralismo transregional multifacético. La iniciativa priorizó este esquema de interacción al enfatizar la importancia de los mecanismos interinstitucionales que operan a través de actores estatales y no estatales. En consecuencia, este estudio sostiene que las interacciones de Türkiye con el sur de Asia, especialmente en lo que respecta a las relaciones Estado/persona a persona, que fusionan actores estatales con actores no estatales, pueden analizarse dentro del marco conceptual del bilateralismo transregional. Partiendo de esta premisa, este estudio sostiene que las afinidades geoculturales entre las comunidades del sur de Asia y turca actúan como el principal “impulso” de este relacionamiento.
Palabras clave:
Descargas
Detalles del artículo
Referencias (VER)
AFP (2020, May 26). https://images.dawn.com/news/1185319
Aggarwal, V. K. (1998). Analyzing institutional transformation in the Asia-Pacific. In V. K. Aggarwal, & C. E. Morrison (Eds.), Asia-Pacific cross-roads: Regime creation and the future of APEC. St. Martin’s Press.
Aggarwal, V. K., & Fogerty, E. A. (2004). Between regionalism and globalism: European Union interregional trade strategies. In V. K. Aggarwal, & E. A. Fogerty (Eds.), EU trade strategies: Between regionalism and globalism (pp. 1-40). Palgrave
Macmillan.
Akgün, B. (2022, February 7). Turkiye Maarif Vakfı ve Guney Asya. https://yakasya.com/turkiye-maarifvakfi-ve-guney-asya-20
Akşam (2017, March 4). Diriliş Ertuğrul dizisi Afganistan’da rekor kırıyor. https://www.aksam.com.tr/guncel/dirilis-ertugrul-dizisi-afganistanda-rekor-kiriyor/haber-602188.
Alpan, B., & Öztürk, A. E. (2022). Turkish foreign policy in the Balkans amidst ‘soft power’ and ‘de- Europeanisation’. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 22(1), 45-63.
Altunışık, M. B. (2008). The Possibilities and Limits of Turkey’s Soft Power in the Middle East. Insight Turkey, 10(2), 41-54.
Altunışık, M. B. (2016). Turkey’s soft power in a comparative context: The south caucasus and the Middle East. In The Great Game in West Asia (pp.161–182). Oxford University Press.
Anadolu Agency (2021, February 7). ‘Resurrection Ertuğrul’ attracts Bangladeshis with quality production. https://www.dailysabah.com/arts/cinema/resurrection-ertugrul-attracts-angladeshis-withquality-production
Anadolu Ajansı (2017, December 5). Turkiye Diyanet Vakfı 150 bin Arakanlı Muslumana yardım eli uzattı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/turkiyediyanet-vakfi-150-bin-arakanli-muslumanayardim-eli-uzatti/989852
Anadolu Ajansı (2023, July 1). Turk yardım kuruluşları Pakistan’da 100 binin uzerinde aileye kurban eti dağıttı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/gundem/turk-yardim-kuruluslari-pakistanda-100-binin-uzerinde-aileye-kurban-eti-dagitti/2934827#:~:text=Söğüt%2C%20kurban%20yardımlarından%206%20bin,1442%20hisse%20kurban%20kestiklerini%20belirtti.
Anderson, B. (1991). Imagined communities: Reflections on the spread of nationalism. Verso.
Ang, I., Isar, Y. R., & Mar, P. (2015). Cultural diplomacy: Beyond the national interest? International Journal of Cultural Policy, 21(4), 365-381.
Athique, A. (2014). Transnational audiences: Geocultural approaches. Continuum, 28(1), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2014.870868
Baba, G. (2017). The waves of Turkey’s proactive foreign policy hitting South-Asian coasts: Turkey-Bangladesh relations. Yonetim Bilimleri Dergisi/Journal ofAdministrative Sciences, 15(30), 573-584.
Baba, G. (2023). Middle East–South Asia Relations: Transregional minilateralism cemented with bilateralism. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 58(4), 491-508.
Baert, F., Scaramagli, T., & Söderbaum, F. (2014). Introduction: Intersecting interregionalism. In F.
Baert, T. Scaramagli, & F. Söderbaum (Eds.), Intersecting Interregionalism: Regions, Global Governance and the EU (pp. 1-12). Springer.
Bhutto, F. (2020, September 5). How Turkey’s Soft Power Conquered Pakistan. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/05/ertugrul-turkey-dizi-soft-power-pakistan/
Börzel, T. A. (2016). Theorizing regionalism: Cooperation, integration, and governance. In T. A. Börzel, & T. Risse (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Regionalism (pp. 41-63). Oxford.
Bretherton, C., & Vogler, J. (1999). Actors and actorness in global Politics: Locating the European Union. In C. Bretherton, & J. Vogler (Eds.), The European Union as Global Actor. Routledge.
Brinkerhoff, J. (2009). Digital diasporas: Identity and transnational engagement. Cambridge University Press.
Çevik, S. B. (February 2019). Reassessing Turkey’s soft power: The rules of attraction. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 44(1), 50-71.
Cha, V. D. (2014). American alliances and Asia’s regional architecture. In S. Pekkanen, J. Ravenhill, & R.
Foot (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of the International Relations of Asia (pp. 737-757). Oxford University Press.
Cull, N. J. (2009). Public Diplomacy: Lessons from the Past. Figueroa Press.
Daily Sabah. (2022, October 4). Afghanistan continues to watch Turkish TV series amid restrictions. https://www.dailysabah.com/arts/afghanistan-continuesto-watch-turkish-tv-series-amid-restrictions/news
Demirtaş, B. l. (2015). Turkish foreign policy towards the Balkans: A Europeanised foreign policy in a de-europeanised national context? Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 17(2), 123-140.
Dent, C. (2006). The new economic bilateralism in Southeast Asia: Region-convergent or regiondivergent? International Relations of the Asia Pacific, 6, 81-111.
Diyanet TV (2018,April 10). Hayırseverlerden Bangladeş’e Yetimhane. https://diyanet.tv/hayirseverlerdenbanglades-e-yetimhane
Doğru Haber (2023, June 28). Diyanet Vakfından Afganistan’da kurban eti yardımı. https://dogruhaber.com.tr/haber/942760-diyanet-vakfindanafganistanda-kurban-eti-yardimi/
Ekşi, M. (2017). Turkey’s cultural diplomacy and soft power policy towards the Balkans. Karadeniz Araştırmaları, (55), 189-208.
Erdoğan, R. T. (2015, June 11). Turkiye Bursları Oksuzun Yetimin Elinden Tutulmasına Vesile Olmasıyla da Ayrıca... https://www.haberler.com/guncel/erdogan-turkiye-burslari-oksuzun-yetimin-elinden-7407697-haberi/
Erdoğan, R. T. (2016, September 23). Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan: The world is bigger than five.Anadolu Agency. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrE5jEm5DjA
Erdoğan, R. T. (2018, May 12). Ulkemize gelen oğrencilere sadece okullarımızı değil gonul dunyamızı da acıyoruz. https://www.tccb.gov.tr/haberler/410/92876/-ulkemize-gelen-ogrencilere-sadece-okullarimizi-degil-gonul-dunyamizi-da-aciyoruz-
Erdoğan, R. T. (2022, September 14). Turkiye, yurtlar ve universite oğrencilerine tanınan fırsatlar bakımından dunyanın en iyi ulkeleri arasında yer alıyor. https://www.tccb.gov.tr/haberler/410/139589/-turkiye-yurtlar-ve-universite-ogrencilerine-taninan-firsatlar-bakimindan-dunyanin-en-iyi-ulkeleri-arasinda-yer-aliyor-
Gabralı, Z. (2017, September 24). Gecmişten gunumuze Pakistan’da populer olan 7 Turk dizisi http://www.ranini.tv/ozel/26887/5/gecmisten-gunumuze-pakistanda-populer-olan-7-turk-dizisi
Gilson, J. (2002). Asia Meets Europe: Inter-Regionalism and the Asia–Europe Meeting. Edward Elgar.
Hänggi, H. (2003). Regionalism through inter-regionalism: East Asia and ASEM. In F. Liu, & P. Régnier (Eds.), Regionalism in East Asia: Paradigm Shifting? Curzon Press.
Hänggi, H. (2006). Interregionalism as a multifaceted phenomenon: In search of a typology. In H. Hänggi, R. Roloff, & J. Rüland (Eds.), Interregionalism and International Relations (pp. 31-62). Routledge.
Hänggi, H., Roloff, R., & Rüland J. (2006). Interregionalism: A new phenomenon in international relations. In H. Hänggi, R. Roloff, & J. Rüland (Eds.), Interregionalism and International Relations (pp. 31-62). Routledge.
Heydon, K., & Woolcock, S. (2009). The rise of bilateralism: Comparing American, European and Asian approaches to preferential trade agreements. United Nations University Press.
Hannerz, U. (2009). Geocultural scenarios. In P. Hedstrom, & B. Witterock (Eds.), Frontiers of Sociology (pp. 267-288). Brill.
Hill, C. (1993). The capability–expectations gap, or conceptualizing Europe’s international role. The Journal of Common Market Studies, 31(3), 305–325.
Hukuki Haber. (2018, September 26). TDV’den Hindistan’a insani yardım.
Isacotur. (2019, June 14). Muhteşem Yuzyıl Hindistan’da Buyuk İlgi Hindistan’da Yayınlanan Turk Dizileri Mera Sultan Hindu. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhxnfpJhTks
Isar, Y. R. (2010). Cultural diplomacy: An overplayed hand? Public Diplomacy (magazine of the Association of Public Diplomacy Scholars at the University of Southern California), 3.
Kalın, I. b. 2011). Soft power and public diplomacy in Turkey. PERCEPTIONS, XVI(3), 5-23.
Köllner, P. (2000). Whither ASEM? Lessons for APEC and the future of transregional cooperation between Asia and Europe. Sudostasien aktuell, Special Issue, 9-18.
Larrabee, S. F. (2007). Turkey rediscovers the Middle East. 86(4), 103-114.
Mark, S. (2009). A Greater Role for Cultural Diplomacy. Netherlands Institute of International Relations.
Mattheis, F., & Litsegård, A. (Eds.). (2018). Interregionalism Across the Atlantic Space. Springer.
Milliyet (2012, February 29). Muhteşem Yuzyıl’dan tarihi rekor! https://www.milliyet.com.tr/cadde/muhtesem-yuzyildan-tarihi-rekor-1509208
Milliyet (2015, April 27). Turkiye Diyanet Vakfı’ndan Nepal’e Yardım. https://www.milliyet.com.tr/yerel-haberler/ankara/turkiye-diyanet-vakfindan-nepal-e-yardim-10752625
Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft Power. Public Affairs. Ogoura, K. (2009). Japan’s Cultural Diplomacy, Past and Present, in Peace and Culture. Joint Research Institute for International Peace and Culture, Aoyama Gakuin University.
Omidi, A. (2021). The evolutionary feature of Turkey’s soft power in the Middle East, 2011-2020. Insight Turkey, 23(4), 11-25.
Pempel, T. J. (2004). Challenges to bilateralism: changing foes, capital flows, and complex forums. In E. Krauss, & T. J. Pempel (Eds.), Beyond Bilateralism: U.S.-Japan Relations in the New Asia Pacific (pp.1-36). Stanford University Press.
Renard, T. (2016). Partnerships for effective multilateralism? Assessing the compatibility between EU bilateralism, (inter-)regionalism and multilateralism. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 29(1), 18-35.
Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). (2019). Asia Anew Initiative. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/asia-anew-initiative.en.mfa
Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). (2023). Enterprising and Humanitarian Foreign Policy. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turk-kulturmerkezleri-turkce-egitim-merkezleri_en.en.mfa
Ribeiro-Hoffmann, A. (2016). Inter-and transregionalism. In T. A. Börzel, & T. Risse (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Regionalism (pp. 600-619). Oxford University Press.
Rochester, J. M. (1990, May). Global Policy and the Future of the United Nations. Journal of Peace Research, 27(2), 141-154.
Ruggie, J. G. (1992). Multilateralism: the anatomy of an institution. International Organization, 46(3), 561-598.
Rüland, J. (2002). APEC, ASEAN and EAEC – A tale of two cultures of cooperation. In J. Rüland, E. Manske, & W. Draguhn (Eds.), Asia-Pacific Cooperation (APEC): The First Decade. Routledge.
Sadat, S. K. (2019, November 25). Afganistan’da Turk dizileri izlenme rekoru kırıyor. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/kultur-sanat/afganistanda-turk-dizileri-izlenme-rekoru-kiriyor/1654548
Söderbaum, F. (2016). Old, new, and comparative regionalism: The history and scholarly development of the field. In T. A. Börzel, & T. Risse (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Regionalism (pp.17-38). Oxford University Press.
Tago, A. (2017). Multilateralism, bilateralism, and unilateralism in foreign policy. In W. Thompson (Ed.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Oxford Research Encyclopedias.
Taşcı, M. N. (2020, December 31). Hindistan’da Diriliş Ertuğrul dizisini seven girişimci actığı restorana ‘Ertuğrul’ adını verdi. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/hindistanda-dirilisertugrul-dizisini-seven-girisimci-actigi-restoranaertugrul-adini-verdi/2094544
TİKA (2015, September 8). Maldivler Makunudhoo İlkoğretim Okulu ve Lisesi’ne Laboratuvar Yapımı ve Ekipman Desteği. https://www.tika.gov.tr/tr/haber/maldivler_makunudhoo_ilkogretim_okulu_ve_lisesi%27ne_laboratuvar_yapimi_ve_ekipman_destegi-19026
TİKA (2017a). TIKA Annual Report 2017. https://www.tika.gov.tr/upload/2018/2017%20Faaliyet%20Raporu/AR_2017%20web.pdf
TİKA (2017b). TİKA’s Health Care and Educational Support for the Turkish Village in Sri Lanka. https://www.tika.gov.tr/en/news/tika%27s_health_care_and_educational_support_for_the_turkish_village_in_sri_lanka-37480
TİKA (2018). TIKA Annual Report 2018. https://www.tika.gov.tr/upload/sayfa/publication/2018/TİKA%20Annual%20Report%202018.pdf
TİKA (2019). TIKA Annual Report 2019. https://www.tika.gov.tr/upload/sayfa/publication/2019/TIKAFaaliyet2019ENGWebKapakli.pdf
TİKA (2023). About Us. https://www.tika.gov.tr/en/page/about_us-14650
Tol, G., & Baskan, B. (2018, November 29). From “hard power” to “soft power” and back again: Turkish foreign policy in the Middle East. Middle East Institute. https://www.mei.edu/publications/hard-power-soft-power-and-back-again-turkishforeign-policy-middle-east
TRT Haber (26 Eylül 2018). Turkiye Diyanet Vakfından Hindistan’da 2 bin 500 aileye yardım. https://www.trthaber.com/haber/dunya/turkiye-diyanetvakfindan-hindistanda-2-bin-500-aileye-yardim-386588.html
Türkiye Bursları (2019). 2019 Yıllık Raporu. https://tbbsweb.azureedge.net/tbbsweb/Page/About/TB-Rapor-2019.pdf
Türkiye Bursları (2020). 2020 Yıllık Raporu. https://tbbsweb.azureedge.net/tbbsweb/Page/About/TB-Rapor-2020.pdf
Türkiye Bursları (2021). 2021 Yıllık Raporu. https://tbbsweb.azureedge.net/tbbsweb/Page/About/TB-Rapor-2021.pdf
Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı (9 Temmuz 2022b). TDV, 1400 hisse kurban etini Bangladeş’teki Arakanlı multecileredağıtacak. https://tdv.org/tr-TR/tdv- 1400-hisse-kurban-etini-bangladesteki-arakanlimultecilere-dagitacak/
Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı (2019, August 12). Turkiye Diyanet Vakfından Pakistan’da 25 bin aileye kurban yardımı. https://tdv.org/tr-TR/turkiye-diyanetvakfindan-pakistanda-25-bin-aileye-kurbanyardimi/
Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı (15 Aralık 2021). Turkiye Diyanet Vakfından 2 bin Afgan aileye gıda yardımı. https://tdv.org/tr-TR/turkiye-diyanet-vakfindan-2-binafgan-aileye-gida-yardimi/
Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı (2022a, August 29). TDV’den Pakistan icin insani yardım cağrısı. https://www.diyanethaber.com.tr/tdvden-pakistan-icin-insani-yardim-cagrisi
Vuving, A. L. (2009, September 3). How Soft Power Works American Political Science Association.
Waller, M. J. (2009). Strategic Influence: Public Diplomacy, Counterpropaganda, and Political Warfare. Institute of World Politics Press.
Wallerstein, I. (1991). Geopolitics and Geoculture. Cambridge University Press.
Wallerstein, I. (1993). The geoculture of development, or the transformation of our geoculture? Asian Perspective, 17(2), 211-225.
Wendt, A. (1999). Social theory of international politics. Cambridge University Press.
Winter, T. (2019). Geocultural Power China’s Quest to Revive the Silk Roads for the Twenty-First Century. University of Chicago Press.
Winter, T. (2021). Geocultural power: China’s belt and road initiative. Geopolitics, 26(5), 1376-1399. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2020.1718656
Yeni Asır (2021 December 23). Afganistan’daki cocuklara Diyanet’ten nakdi yardım. https://www.yeniasir.com.tr/dishaberler/2021/12/23/afganistandakicocuklara-diyanetten-nakdi-yardim
Yeni Haber (2022, January 18). Diyanet Vakfı’ndan Afganistan’a yardım tırı. https://www.yenihaberden.com/diyanet-vakfindan-afganistana-yardim-tiri-1696694h.htm
Yeo, L. H. (2000). ASEM: Looking back, looking forward. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 22(1), 113-144.
Yunus Emre Enstitüsü (2023). https://yee.org.tr/
Yunus Emre Enstitüsü Kabil (2023). https://kabil.yee.org.tr/tr/faaliyet/turk-kulturuyle-tanisin
Citado por
