Modelo Media-Varianza y criterios ASG: de Markowitz al portafolio socialmente responsable
Mean-Variance Model and ESG criteria: From Markowitz to the socially responsible portfolio
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En este trabajo se presenta un enfoque de selección de portafolios óptimos socialmente responsables, a través de la incorporación de los criterios ASG –ambiente (A), social (S) y de buen gobierno (G)– al modelo media-varianza (MV) de Markowitz. Para ello, se revisan algunas formulaciones del problema de optimización MV, así como su ajuste, para incorporar estos indicadores en la construcción y optimización del portafolio. Este nuevo enfoque, conocido como modelo MV-ASG, permite la construcción de un conjunto completo de portafolios óptimos factibles a partir de las tres relaciones: retorno, riesgo e indicador ASG, que dan como resultado una superficie eficiente (SE) en un plano tridimensional. Los resultados muestran que la consecución de un indicador ASG cada vez mayor, no solo reduce el desempeño del portafolio respecto al portafolio MV, sino que disminuye su capacidad de diversificación del riesgo. Sin embargo, se resalta el hecho de que la incorporación de los criterios ASG les permite a los inversionistas incorporar sus preferencias para minimizar el impacto social y ambiental de sus inversiones, ya que el portafolio óptimo MV-ASG genera mejores indicadores que cualquier portafolio que persiga solo la relación óptima retorno-riesgo, además de superar el desempeño del benchmark.
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