Legal and technical difficulties of web archival in Singapore
Legal and technical difficulties of web archival in Singapore
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Pabón Cadavid, J.A., Sathik Basha, J. y Kaleeswaran, G. 2014. Legal and technical difficulties of web archival in Singapore. Revista La Propiedad Inmaterial. 18 (nov. 2014), 35–54.
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Nov 5, 2014
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Web Archiving in the National Library of Singapore is one of the fundamental actions to ensure the preservation of national digital heritage. By the year 2006, the National Library of Singapore (NLS) has started a Web Archive initiative called Web Archive Singapore (WAS). This paper analyses the legal and technical issues that act as obstacles for the collection and management of the digital collections established through Web Archiving in Singapore. WAS lacks an adequate copyright framework for its digital records management, including long-term preservation and access. From a technical perspective we analyze the latest international developments and challenges of web archival. In both analysis legal and technical, we emphasizes on users of archives as the main leitmotif when focus on solutions. Our final recommendations and conclusions are underlined by the fact that NLS must encourage research and knowledge creation through the support of digital humanities, implementing technical and legal solutions that foster a Web Archive.
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Referencias (VER)
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Chellapandi, S.; Han, C. W. & Boon, T. C. (2010). “The National Library of Singapore experience: Harnessing technology to deliver content and broaden access”. Interlending & Document Supply, 38(1), 40-48.
Chellapandi, S. & Lian San, S. (2009, november). “Web Archiving Programme at National Library Singapore”. CDNLao Newsletter. Tokyo, Japan. Retrieved from [http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/CDNLao/newsletter/066/664.html].
Chen, H.; Chung, W., Qin, J., Reid, E., Sageman, M. & Weimann, G. (2008). “Uncovering the dark Web: A case study of Jihad on the Web”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(8), 1347-1359. doi:10.1002/asi.20838.
Cloud Computing vs. Grid Computing “CCSK Guide”. (n.d.). CCSK Guide. Retrieved April 5, 2013, from [http://ccskguide.org/cloud-computing-vs-gridcomputing/].
Copyright Office USA. (2005). Report on Orphan Works.
Costa M. and M. J. Silva. “Towards information retrieval evaluation over web archives”. In S. Geva, J. Kamps, C. Peters, T. S. A. Trotman, and E. Voorhees, editors. Proceedings of the SIGIR 2009 Workshop on the Future of IR Evaluation, Boston, Massachusetts, July 2009. IR Publications, Amsterdam.
Datta, R.; Joshi, D., Li, J. & Wang, J. Z. (2008). “Image Retrieval: Ideas, influences, and trends of the new age”. ACM Computing Surveys, 40(2), 1-60.
Difference between cloud computing and grid computing (n.d.). “Cloudways Managed Cloud Hosting & App Deployment Solutions”. Retrieved April 3, 2013, from [http://www.cloudways.com/blog/cloud-computing-vs-grid-computingdifferentiated/].
Dougherty, M.; Meyer, E., Madsen, C., Van den Heuvel, C., Thomas, A. & Wyatt, S. (2010). “Researcher engagement with web archives: State of the art. Joint Information Systems Committee Report”. Retrieved from [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1714997].
Foo, S.; Wu, H. J., lim, S. K., Haliza, J., Noryati, A. S., Mohamed, S. & Tim, Y. F. (2005). “Legal Deposit Development in Singapore: Future Challenges and Issues”. In International Conference on National Libraries in the Knowledge Based Society. Bangkok.
Glanville, l. (2010). “Web archiving: ethical and legal issues affecting programmes in Australia and the Netherlands”. The Australian Library Journal, 59(3), 128.
Hayles, K. (2012). How we think: digital media and contemporary technogenesis. Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press.
Jaffe. E. & Kirkpatrick. S. (2009). Architecture of the Internet Archive. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
LiWA. (2013). “Livign Web archive web page”. Web page retrieved 3 April, 2013, from [http://liwa-project.eu/].
Lor, P. J. & Britz, J. J. (2012). “An ethical perspective on political-economic issues in the long-term preservation of digital heritage”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(11), 2153-2164, doi:10.1002/asi.22725.
Masans, J. (2006). “Access and Finding Aids”. Web Archiving (pp. 131-151). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Mason, I. (2007). “Virtual preservation: How has digital culture influenced our ideas about permanence? Changing practice in a national legal deposit library”. Library Trends, 56(1), 198-215.
National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (U.S.), Joint Information Systems Committee, & OAK Law Project. (2008). International study on the impact of copyright law on digital preservation. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congess. Retrieved from http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/partners/resources/pubs/wipo_digital_preservation_final_report2008.pdf
National Library Board. (2005). Library 2010: libraries for life, knowledge for success. National Library Board. National Library Board. (2012). Singapore Country Report for the CDNL-AO Meeting 2012.
NLB Singapore (2010). “Singapore Country Report”. In 15th consal Executive Board. Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
Ortmann, S. (2009). “Singapore: The Politics of Inventing National Identity”. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 28(4), 23-46.
Owens, T. (2012, June 6). “Web Archiving and Mainstreaming Special Collections: The Case of the Latin American Government Documents Archive | The Signal: Digital Preservation”. Library of Congress Blogs. Retrieved March 23, 2013, from [http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2012/06/web-archiving-andmainstreaming-special-collections-the-case-of-the-latin-american-governmentdocuments-archive/].
Patel, K. (2007). “Authors v. Internet Archives: The Copyright Infringement Battle over web Pages”. J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc’y, 89, 410.
Paynter, G. W. & Mason, I. B. (2006). “Building a Web Curator Tool for The National Library of New Zealand”. In New Zealand Library Association Conference.
Portrait Workshop. (2007, September 26). “Notification of Website Archiving - Portrait Workshop. Caricature Singapore”. Retrieved from [http://www.caricature.com.sg/2007/09/notification-of-website-archiving.html].
Potter, A. (2012) “A Vision of the Role and Future of Web Archives: Research Use | The Signal: Digital Preservation” (n.d.). Library of Congress Blogs. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2012/05/avision-of-the-role-and-future-of-web-archives-research-use/
Seet, K. K. (2005). Singapore’s transformative library: knowledge, imagination, possibility. Singapore: snp Editions.
Seng, D. (2008). “International Study on the Impact of Copyright Law on Digital Preservation. Singapore’s Legal Position”. Presented at the wipo International Workshop on Digital Preservation and Copyright, Geneve, Switzerland.
SG Wiki Editor. (2007, July 4). Discussion about Pacific Centennial Group Wikipedia Page. Retrieved from http://www.zaped.info/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2007_July_2
Spaniol, M.; Mazeika, A., Denev, D. & Weikum, G. (2009). “’Catch me if you can’: Visual Analysis of Coherence Defects in Web Archiving”. In Proceedings of the 9th International Web Archiving Workshop (iwaw 2009), Corfu, Greece. Retrieved from [http://www.iwaw.net/09/iwaw2009.pdf].
Stirling, M.; Illien, G., Sanz, p. & Sepetjan, S. (2012). “The state of e-legal deposit in France: Looking back at five years of putting new legislation into practice and envisioning the future”. IFLA Journal, 38(1), 5-24. doi:10.1177/0340035211435323.
Sundaram, K. (n. d.). “Cloud Computing vs. Grid Computing - What is the Difference?”. Find Science & Technology Articles, Education Lesson Plans, Tech Tips, Computer Hardware & Software Reviews, News and More at Bright Hub. Retrieved March 29, 2013, from [http://www.brighthub.com/environment/green-computing/articles/68785.aspx].
WAS, NLB. (2013a). FAQ. Retrieved from [http://was.nl.sg/faq.html].
WAS, NLB. (2013b). Takedown Policy. Retrieved from [http://www.microsite.nl.sg/TakedownPolicy.html].
Wu, P. H. J. & Heok, A. K. H. (2005). “Documenting Online Collaboration Between Researchers and Information Professionals: The Case of the Asian Tsunami Web Archive”. Singapore Journal of Library & Information Management, 34, 75-85.
Yong Fu, J. L. (2013). “One Versus The Mob: A Case for the Wisdom of Crowds in Archival Appraisal 2.0”. Thesis. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
Chellapandi, S.; Han, C. W. & Boon, T. C. (2010). “The National Library of Singapore experience: Harnessing technology to deliver content and broaden access”. Interlending & Document Supply, 38(1), 40-48.
Chellapandi, S. & Lian San, S. (2009, november). “Web Archiving Programme at National Library Singapore”. CDNLao Newsletter. Tokyo, Japan. Retrieved from [http://www.ndl.go.jp/en/CDNLao/newsletter/066/664.html].
Chen, H.; Chung, W., Qin, J., Reid, E., Sageman, M. & Weimann, G. (2008). “Uncovering the dark Web: A case study of Jihad on the Web”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(8), 1347-1359. doi:10.1002/asi.20838.
Cloud Computing vs. Grid Computing “CCSK Guide”. (n.d.). CCSK Guide. Retrieved April 5, 2013, from [http://ccskguide.org/cloud-computing-vs-gridcomputing/].
Copyright Office USA. (2005). Report on Orphan Works.
Costa M. and M. J. Silva. “Towards information retrieval evaluation over web archives”. In S. Geva, J. Kamps, C. Peters, T. S. A. Trotman, and E. Voorhees, editors. Proceedings of the SIGIR 2009 Workshop on the Future of IR Evaluation, Boston, Massachusetts, July 2009. IR Publications, Amsterdam.
Datta, R.; Joshi, D., Li, J. & Wang, J. Z. (2008). “Image Retrieval: Ideas, influences, and trends of the new age”. ACM Computing Surveys, 40(2), 1-60.
Difference between cloud computing and grid computing (n.d.). “Cloudways Managed Cloud Hosting & App Deployment Solutions”. Retrieved April 3, 2013, from [http://www.cloudways.com/blog/cloud-computing-vs-grid-computingdifferentiated/].
Dougherty, M.; Meyer, E., Madsen, C., Van den Heuvel, C., Thomas, A. & Wyatt, S. (2010). “Researcher engagement with web archives: State of the art. Joint Information Systems Committee Report”. Retrieved from [http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1714997].
Foo, S.; Wu, H. J., lim, S. K., Haliza, J., Noryati, A. S., Mohamed, S. & Tim, Y. F. (2005). “Legal Deposit Development in Singapore: Future Challenges and Issues”. In International Conference on National Libraries in the Knowledge Based Society. Bangkok.
Glanville, l. (2010). “Web archiving: ethical and legal issues affecting programmes in Australia and the Netherlands”. The Australian Library Journal, 59(3), 128.
Hayles, K. (2012). How we think: digital media and contemporary technogenesis. Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press.
Jaffe. E. & Kirkpatrick. S. (2009). Architecture of the Internet Archive. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem.
LiWA. (2013). “Livign Web archive web page”. Web page retrieved 3 April, 2013, from [http://liwa-project.eu/].
Lor, P. J. & Britz, J. J. (2012). “An ethical perspective on political-economic issues in the long-term preservation of digital heritage”. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(11), 2153-2164, doi:10.1002/asi.22725.
Masans, J. (2006). “Access and Finding Aids”. Web Archiving (pp. 131-151). New York: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Mason, I. (2007). “Virtual preservation: How has digital culture influenced our ideas about permanence? Changing practice in a national legal deposit library”. Library Trends, 56(1), 198-215.
National Digital Information Infrastructure and Preservation Program (U.S.), Joint Information Systems Committee, & OAK Law Project. (2008). International study on the impact of copyright law on digital preservation. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congess. Retrieved from http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/partners/resources/pubs/wipo_digital_preservation_final_report2008.pdf
National Library Board. (2005). Library 2010: libraries for life, knowledge for success. National Library Board. National Library Board. (2012). Singapore Country Report for the CDNL-AO Meeting 2012.
NLB Singapore (2010). “Singapore Country Report”. In 15th consal Executive Board. Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
Ortmann, S. (2009). “Singapore: The Politics of Inventing National Identity”. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 28(4), 23-46.
Owens, T. (2012, June 6). “Web Archiving and Mainstreaming Special Collections: The Case of the Latin American Government Documents Archive | The Signal: Digital Preservation”. Library of Congress Blogs. Retrieved March 23, 2013, from [http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2012/06/web-archiving-andmainstreaming-special-collections-the-case-of-the-latin-american-governmentdocuments-archive/].
Patel, K. (2007). “Authors v. Internet Archives: The Copyright Infringement Battle over web Pages”. J. Pat. & Trademark Off. Soc’y, 89, 410.
Paynter, G. W. & Mason, I. B. (2006). “Building a Web Curator Tool for The National Library of New Zealand”. In New Zealand Library Association Conference.
Portrait Workshop. (2007, September 26). “Notification of Website Archiving - Portrait Workshop. Caricature Singapore”. Retrieved from [http://www.caricature.com.sg/2007/09/notification-of-website-archiving.html].
Potter, A. (2012) “A Vision of the Role and Future of Web Archives: Research Use | The Signal: Digital Preservation” (n.d.). Library of Congress Blogs. Retrieved March 20, 2013, from http://blogs.loc.gov/digitalpreservation/2012/05/avision-of-the-role-and-future-of-web-archives-research-use/
Seet, K. K. (2005). Singapore’s transformative library: knowledge, imagination, possibility. Singapore: snp Editions.
Seng, D. (2008). “International Study on the Impact of Copyright Law on Digital Preservation. Singapore’s Legal Position”. Presented at the wipo International Workshop on Digital Preservation and Copyright, Geneve, Switzerland.
SG Wiki Editor. (2007, July 4). Discussion about Pacific Centennial Group Wikipedia Page. Retrieved from http://www.zaped.info/Wikipedia:Articles_for_deletion/Log/2007_July_2
Spaniol, M.; Mazeika, A., Denev, D. & Weikum, G. (2009). “’Catch me if you can’: Visual Analysis of Coherence Defects in Web Archiving”. In Proceedings of the 9th International Web Archiving Workshop (iwaw 2009), Corfu, Greece. Retrieved from [http://www.iwaw.net/09/iwaw2009.pdf].
Stirling, M.; Illien, G., Sanz, p. & Sepetjan, S. (2012). “The state of e-legal deposit in France: Looking back at five years of putting new legislation into practice and envisioning the future”. IFLA Journal, 38(1), 5-24. doi:10.1177/0340035211435323.
Sundaram, K. (n. d.). “Cloud Computing vs. Grid Computing - What is the Difference?”. Find Science & Technology Articles, Education Lesson Plans, Tech Tips, Computer Hardware & Software Reviews, News and More at Bright Hub. Retrieved March 29, 2013, from [http://www.brighthub.com/environment/green-computing/articles/68785.aspx].
WAS, NLB. (2013a). FAQ. Retrieved from [http://was.nl.sg/faq.html].
WAS, NLB. (2013b). Takedown Policy. Retrieved from [http://www.microsite.nl.sg/TakedownPolicy.html].
Wu, P. H. J. & Heok, A. K. H. (2005). “Documenting Online Collaboration Between Researchers and Information Professionals: The Case of the Asian Tsunami Web Archive”. Singapore Journal of Library & Information Management, 34, 75-85.
Yong Fu, J. L. (2013). “One Versus The Mob: A Case for the Wisdom of Crowds in Archival Appraisal 2.0”. Thesis. Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.