Technocracy, disaster risk reduction and development: A critique of the Sendai Framework 2015-2030
Technocracy, disaster risk reduction and development: A critique of the Sendai Framework 2015-2030
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Este artículo es una crítica el Marco de Sendai para la Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres 2015-2030 (MSRRD), que la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas adoptó como el actual marco internacional de referencia no vinculante sobre este tema. Esta crítica de construye el enfoque tecnocrático que el MSRRD utiliza para comprender qué es el riesgo de desastres por eventos de la naturaleza, porque paradójicamente este enfoque promueve la adopción de políticas que aumentan la vulnerabilidad de las personas a este fenómeno. Hablando en términos epistemológicos, el MSRRD presenta una aproximación racionalista al riesgo de desastres. La señalada paradoja ocurre porque el enfoque tecnocrático no está diseñado para establecer cómo la conducta humana que se refleja en la estructura social, económica y política de la sociedad es un factor causal de vulnerabilidad al riesgo de desastres. Con la deconstrucción que el artículo desarrolla, se demuestra que el MSRRD se fundamenta en los siguientes paradigmas: 1) la idea de descargar en la ciencia y la tecnología la responsabilidad de resolver los problemas creados por el hombre, como por ejemplo la vulnerabilidad al riesgo de desastre, y 2) la modernización como teoría del desarrollo. Estos paradigmas no reconocen a la conducta humana como factor causal de vulnerabilidad.
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