Two Sides of the Same Coin: Political Equality and Electoral Rights, a Study of Formal Qualifications on the Right to Candidacy
Two Sides of the Same Coin: Political Equality and Electoral Rights, a Study of Formal Qualifications on the Right to Candidacy
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En el imaginario popular sobre la democracia, el derecho a ser elegido y el derecho al voto suelen ser considerados como dos caras de la misma moneda. Sin embargo, el análisis legislativo realizado demuestra que el conjunto de sus derechohabientes no es simétrico en las prácticas existentes incluso en los países que, por lo demás, son paradigmáticamente democráticos. Este hecho es problemático debido a que la legitimidad democrática está predicada de manera especial sobre la igualdad formal de los ciudadanos. Por ello, la marcada asimetría entre los dos derechos electorales más fundamentales exige un cimiento normativo sólido. La elaboración de este, no obstante, es un trabajo que ha quedado descuidado por la academia. Tras bosquejar cómo podría verse el cimiento normativo más plausible para justificar la asimetría, se argumenta que, en igualdad de condiciones, los países actualmente no tienen manera de cumplir con él. La consecuencia normativa de ello es que las restricciones formales al derecho a ser elegido, mismas que de facto definen el conjunto de sus derechohabientes, deberían aminorarse y expandirse de modo que empaten aquellas que limitan el derecho al voto.
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