Institucionalismo y teoría económica: del “neoclasicismo” a la teoría clásica
Institutionalism and economic theory: from “Neoclassicism” back to the classical theory Enrico Sergio Levrero [pdf][html]
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Levrero, E.S. 2014. Institucionalismo y teoría económica: del “neoclasicismo” a la teoría clásica. Revista de Economía Institucional. 16, 31 (dic. 2014).
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Dec 3, 2014
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Este artículo busca explicar por qué el institucionalismo no se convirtió en el punto de referencia en teoría económica, y mostrar que la teoría clásica de Smith y Ricardo puede incorporar muchas de sus contribuciones, a diferencia de la teoría neoclásica. Presenta un ejemplo de esta capacidad y del papel esencial de los factores sociales e institucionales en la teoría de Smith y Ricardo con respecto al mercado de trabajo.
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Referencias (VER)
Akerlof, G. y J. L. Yellen, eds. Efficiency wage models of the labor market, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1986.
Alchian, A. y H. Demsetz. “Production, information costs, and economic organization”, American Economic Review 62, 1972, pp. 777-795.
Ayres, C. E. “The co-ordinates of institutionalism”, American Economic Review 41, 2, 1951, pp. 47-55.
Backhouse, R. E. “If mathematics is informal, then perhaps we should accept that economics must be informal too”, Economic Journal 108, 451, 1998, pp. 1848-1858.
Barkai, H. “The Methodenstreit and the emergence of mathematical economics”, Eastern Economic Journal 22, 1, 1996, pp. 1-19.
Becker, G. Human capital, Nueva York, Columbia University Press, 1964.
Blaug, M. “The formalist revolution of the 1950s”, W. J. Samuels et al., eds., A companion to the history of economic thought, Oxford, UK, Blackwell, 2003.
Böhm-Bawerk E. von. “The historical vs. the deductive method in political economy”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 1, 1890, pp. 244-271.
Boulding, K. E. “A new look at institutionalism”, American Economic Review 47, 2, 1957, pp.1-12.
Boyer, R. y R. Smith. “The development of the neoclassical tradition in labor Economics”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review 54, 2, 2001, pp. 199-223.
Cairnes, J. E. The character and logical method of political economy, 2nd ed., Londres, Macmillan, 1875.
Clark, J. M. “Business acceleration and the law of demand: a technical factor in economic cycles”, Journal of Political Economy 25, 1, 1917, pp. 217-35.
Clark, J. M. “Economics and modern psychology, parts I and II”, Journal of Political Economy 26, 1-2, 1918, pp. 1-30 y 136-166.
Clark, J. M. “Soundings in non-euclidean economics”, American Economic Review 11, 1 1921, pp. 132-143.
Commons, J. R. “Wages theories and wage policies”, American Economic Review 13, 1, 1923, pp. 110-17.
Commons, J. R. Legal foundations of capitalism, Nueva York, Macmillan, 1924.
Commons, J. R. Institutional economics – Its place in political economy, Nueva York, Macmillan, 1934.
Copeland, M. A. “Economic theory and the natural science point of view”, American Economic Review 21, 1, 1931, pp. 67-79.
Debreu, G. “Theoretic models: mathematical formalism and economic content”, Econometrica 54, 1986, pp. 1259-1270.
Debreu, G. “The mathematization of economic theory”, American Economic Review 81, 1991, pp. 1-7.
Eatwell, J. “Competition”, I. Bradley y M. Howard, eds., Classical and Marxian political economy, Londres, MacMillan Press, 1982.
Ely, R.T. The outlines of economics, Nueva York, The MacMillan Company, 1916.
Friedman, M. “The methodology of positive economics”, M. Friedman, Essays in positive economics, Chicago, Chicago University Press, 1953, pp. 3-43.
Garegnani, P. Valore e domanda effettiva, Turín, Einaudi, 1979.
Garegnani, P. “Value and distribution in the Classical economists and Marx”, Oxford Economic Papers 36, 1984, pp. 291-325.
Garegnani, P. “Sraffa’s price equations: Stationary economy or normal positions?”, S. Boehm et al., eds., Is there really progress in economics?, Cheltenham, Elgar, 2002.
Garegnani, P. “Professor Blaug on understanding Classical economics”, Quaderno di Ricerca del Centro Sraffa 3, 2003.
Garegnani, P. “Professor Samuelson on Sraffa and the Classical economists”, The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 14, 2, 2007, pp. 181-242.
Ginzburg, A. “Sraffa e l’analisi sociale: alcune note metodologiche”, M. Pivetti, ed., Piero Sraffa: contributi per una biografia intellettuale, Roma, Carocci, 2000.
Gruchy, A. G. “John R. Commons’ concept of Twentieth-Century economics”, Journal of Political Economy 48, 6, 1940, pp. 823-849.
Hamilton, W. H. “The institutional approach to economic theory”,American Economic Review 9, Supplement, 1919, pp. 309-318.
Harris, A. L. “Types of institutionalism”, Journal of Political Economy 40, 6, 1932, pp. 721-749.
Hayek, F. A. New studies in philosophy, politics, economics and the history of ideas, Londres, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980.
Hodgson, G. M. Economics and institutions: A manifesto for a modern institutional economics, Filadelfia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988.
Hodgson, G. M. The evolution of institutional economics: Agency, structure and Darwinism in American institutionalism, Nueva York, Routledge, 2004.
Kaldor, N. Economics without equilibrium, Nueva York, M. E. Sharpe, 1985.
Keynes, J. M. The collected writings, vol. XIV: “The general theory and after. Part II Defence and development”, Londres, Macmillan, 1973.
Kirzner, I. M. Competition and entrepreneurship, Chicago, Chicago University Press, 1973.
Knight, F. H. Risk, uncertainty and profit, Nueva York, Houghton Mifflin, 1921.
Knight, F. H. “Discussion: traditional economic theory”, American Economic Review 11, Supplement, 1921, pp. 143-6.
Knight, F. H. “Ethics and economics interpretation”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 36, 3, 1922, pp. 454-481.
Knight, F. H. The ethics of competition and other essays [1935], Londres, Allen and Unwin, 1951.
Knight, F. H. “Institutionalism and empiricism in economics”, American Economic Review 42, Papers and Proceedings, 1952, pp. 45-55.
Knight, F. H. On the history and method of economics, Chicago, Chicago University Press, 1956.
Koopmans, T. C. “Measurement without theory”, Review of Economic and Statistics 29, 1947, pp. 161-72.
Koopmans, T. C. Three essays on the state of economic sciences, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1957.
Levrero, E. S. “Some notes on wages and competition in the labour market”, R. Ciccone et al., eds., Sraffa and modern economics, vol. I, Nueva York, Routledge, 2011.
Levrero E. S. Four lectures on wages and competition, Roma, Aracne, 2012.
Levrero, E. S. “Marx on absolute and relative wages and the modern theory of distribution”, Review of Political Economy 25, 1, 2013, pp. 91-116.
Longe, F. D. A refutation of the wages fund theory of modern political economy as enunciated by Mr. Mill, M.P., and Mr. Fawcett, M.P., Londres, Longmans, 1866.
Maffeo, V. “Astrazioni generali e astrazioni determinate: alcune considerazioni sul metodo dell’economia politica”, M. Pivetti, ed., Piero Sraffa: contributi per una biografia intellettuale, Roma, Carocci, 2000.
Marshall, A. Principles of economics, 8th ed., Londres, Macmillan, 1980.
Marx, K. Capital: A critique of political economy [1867-1894], vols. I-III, Moscú, Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1961-1963.
Marx, K. Theories of surplus value [1862-1863], vols. I-III, Moscú, Progress Publisher, 1978.
McNulty, P. The origins and development of labor economics: A chapter in the history of social thought, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1980.
Menger, C. Principles of economics, Nueva York y Londres, New York University Press, 1871.
Menger, C. Die Irrthümer des Historismus in der Deutschen Nationalökonomie, Viena, Alfred Hölder, 1884.
Menger, C. “On the origin of money”, The Economic Journal, 1892, pp. 239-255.
Mill, J. S. Essays on some unsettled questions of political economy, Londres, John W. Parker, 1844.
Mill, J. S. Principles of political economy, with some of their applications to social philosophy, “Collected works of John Stuart Mill”, vol. II, University of Toronto Press, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965.
Mincer, J. Schooling, experience, and earnings, Nueva York, Columbia University Press, 1974.
Mongiovi, G. “The American Methodenstreit”, HES Bulletin 10, 1, 1988, pp. 57-65.
Mun, T. English treasure by foreign trade, Londres, 1664.
North, D. G. Institutions, institutional change and economic performance, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Parry, C. E. “A revaluation of traditional economic theory, American Economic Review 11, 1, Supplement, 1921a, pp. 123-131.
Parry, C. E. “Traditional economic theory – Discussion”, American Economic Review 11, 1, Supplement, 1921b, pp. 143-147.
Pasinetti, L. “La teoria economica della domanda effettiva”, L. Pasinetti, Sviluppo economico e distribuzione del reddito, Bolonia, Il Mulino, 1974.
Ricardo, D. The works and correspondence of David Ricardo, P. Sraffa, ed., Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1951-1973.
Robbins, L. An essay on the nature and significance of economic science [1932], Londres, MacMillan, 1984.
Roncaglia, A. The wealth of ideas, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Samuelson, P. A. “Economic theory and wages”, W. D. McCord, ed., The impact of the Union, Nueva York, Harcourt, Brace, 1951.
Schumpeter, J. A. “Mitchell’s business cycles”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 45, 1, 1930, pp. 150-172.
Schumpeter, J. A. History of economic analysis, Londres, Allen and Unwin, 1982.
Smith, A. An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations [1776], Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1976.
Solow, R. M. The labor market as a social institution, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1990.
Spencer, D. The political economy of work, Abingdon, Routledge, 2009.
Spengler, G. J. “Adam Smith on population growth and economic development”, Population and Development Review 2, 2, 1976, pp. 167-180.
Sraffa, P. Production of commodities by means of commodities, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1960.
Stigler, G. J. “Perfect competition, historically contemplated”, Journal
of Political Economy 65, 1, 1957, pp. 1-17.
Thornton, W. T. On labour. Its wrongful claims and rightful dues. Its actual present and possible future [1869], Londres, MacMillan, reimpreso por Edizioni Bizzarri, Roma, 1969.
Veblen, T. The theory of the leisure class: An economic study of institutions [1899], Nueva York, A. M. Kelley, 1912.
Veblen, T. “Why is economics not an evolutionary science?”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 12, 3, 1898, pp. 373-397.
Veblen, T. “The preconceptions of economic science (III), Quarterly Journal of Economics 14, 2, 1900, pp. 240-269.
Veblen, T. “The limitations of marginal utility”, Journal of political Economy 17, 9, 1909, pp. 620-636.
Veblen, T. The instinct of workmanship, and the state of the industrial arts, Nueva York, MacMillan, 1914.
Webb, S. y B. Webb. Industrial democracy, Londres, Longmans, 1926.
Wicksteed, P. H. The common sense of political economy [1910], Nueva York, A. M. Kelley, 1980.
Williamson, O. Markets and hierarchies, Nueva York, Free Press, 1975.
Young, A. A. “Increasing returns and economic progress”, Economic Journal 38, 4, 1928, pp. 527-542.
Alchian, A. y H. Demsetz. “Production, information costs, and economic organization”, American Economic Review 62, 1972, pp. 777-795.
Ayres, C. E. “The co-ordinates of institutionalism”, American Economic Review 41, 2, 1951, pp. 47-55.
Backhouse, R. E. “If mathematics is informal, then perhaps we should accept that economics must be informal too”, Economic Journal 108, 451, 1998, pp. 1848-1858.
Barkai, H. “The Methodenstreit and the emergence of mathematical economics”, Eastern Economic Journal 22, 1, 1996, pp. 1-19.
Becker, G. Human capital, Nueva York, Columbia University Press, 1964.
Blaug, M. “The formalist revolution of the 1950s”, W. J. Samuels et al., eds., A companion to the history of economic thought, Oxford, UK, Blackwell, 2003.
Böhm-Bawerk E. von. “The historical vs. the deductive method in political economy”, Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 1, 1890, pp. 244-271.
Boulding, K. E. “A new look at institutionalism”, American Economic Review 47, 2, 1957, pp.1-12.
Boyer, R. y R. Smith. “The development of the neoclassical tradition in labor Economics”, Industrial and Labor Relations Review 54, 2, 2001, pp. 199-223.
Cairnes, J. E. The character and logical method of political economy, 2nd ed., Londres, Macmillan, 1875.
Clark, J. M. “Business acceleration and the law of demand: a technical factor in economic cycles”, Journal of Political Economy 25, 1, 1917, pp. 217-35.
Clark, J. M. “Economics and modern psychology, parts I and II”, Journal of Political Economy 26, 1-2, 1918, pp. 1-30 y 136-166.
Clark, J. M. “Soundings in non-euclidean economics”, American Economic Review 11, 1 1921, pp. 132-143.
Commons, J. R. “Wages theories and wage policies”, American Economic Review 13, 1, 1923, pp. 110-17.
Commons, J. R. Legal foundations of capitalism, Nueva York, Macmillan, 1924.
Commons, J. R. Institutional economics – Its place in political economy, Nueva York, Macmillan, 1934.
Copeland, M. A. “Economic theory and the natural science point of view”, American Economic Review 21, 1, 1931, pp. 67-79.
Debreu, G. “Theoretic models: mathematical formalism and economic content”, Econometrica 54, 1986, pp. 1259-1270.
Debreu, G. “The mathematization of economic theory”, American Economic Review 81, 1991, pp. 1-7.
Eatwell, J. “Competition”, I. Bradley y M. Howard, eds., Classical and Marxian political economy, Londres, MacMillan Press, 1982.
Ely, R.T. The outlines of economics, Nueva York, The MacMillan Company, 1916.
Friedman, M. “The methodology of positive economics”, M. Friedman, Essays in positive economics, Chicago, Chicago University Press, 1953, pp. 3-43.
Garegnani, P. Valore e domanda effettiva, Turín, Einaudi, 1979.
Garegnani, P. “Value and distribution in the Classical economists and Marx”, Oxford Economic Papers 36, 1984, pp. 291-325.
Garegnani, P. “Sraffa’s price equations: Stationary economy or normal positions?”, S. Boehm et al., eds., Is there really progress in economics?, Cheltenham, Elgar, 2002.
Garegnani, P. “Professor Blaug on understanding Classical economics”, Quaderno di Ricerca del Centro Sraffa 3, 2003.
Garegnani, P. “Professor Samuelson on Sraffa and the Classical economists”, The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 14, 2, 2007, pp. 181-242.
Ginzburg, A. “Sraffa e l’analisi sociale: alcune note metodologiche”, M. Pivetti, ed., Piero Sraffa: contributi per una biografia intellettuale, Roma, Carocci, 2000.
Gruchy, A. G. “John R. Commons’ concept of Twentieth-Century economics”, Journal of Political Economy 48, 6, 1940, pp. 823-849.
Hamilton, W. H. “The institutional approach to economic theory”,American Economic Review 9, Supplement, 1919, pp. 309-318.
Harris, A. L. “Types of institutionalism”, Journal of Political Economy 40, 6, 1932, pp. 721-749.
Hayek, F. A. New studies in philosophy, politics, economics and the history of ideas, Londres, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1980.
Hodgson, G. M. Economics and institutions: A manifesto for a modern institutional economics, Filadelfia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988.
Hodgson, G. M. The evolution of institutional economics: Agency, structure and Darwinism in American institutionalism, Nueva York, Routledge, 2004.
Kaldor, N. Economics without equilibrium, Nueva York, M. E. Sharpe, 1985.
Keynes, J. M. The collected writings, vol. XIV: “The general theory and after. Part II Defence and development”, Londres, Macmillan, 1973.
Kirzner, I. M. Competition and entrepreneurship, Chicago, Chicago University Press, 1973.
Knight, F. H. Risk, uncertainty and profit, Nueva York, Houghton Mifflin, 1921.
Knight, F. H. “Discussion: traditional economic theory”, American Economic Review 11, Supplement, 1921, pp. 143-6.
Knight, F. H. “Ethics and economics interpretation”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 36, 3, 1922, pp. 454-481.
Knight, F. H. The ethics of competition and other essays [1935], Londres, Allen and Unwin, 1951.
Knight, F. H. “Institutionalism and empiricism in economics”, American Economic Review 42, Papers and Proceedings, 1952, pp. 45-55.
Knight, F. H. On the history and method of economics, Chicago, Chicago University Press, 1956.
Koopmans, T. C. “Measurement without theory”, Review of Economic and Statistics 29, 1947, pp. 161-72.
Koopmans, T. C. Three essays on the state of economic sciences, Nueva York, McGraw-Hill, 1957.
Levrero, E. S. “Some notes on wages and competition in the labour market”, R. Ciccone et al., eds., Sraffa and modern economics, vol. I, Nueva York, Routledge, 2011.
Levrero E. S. Four lectures on wages and competition, Roma, Aracne, 2012.
Levrero, E. S. “Marx on absolute and relative wages and the modern theory of distribution”, Review of Political Economy 25, 1, 2013, pp. 91-116.
Longe, F. D. A refutation of the wages fund theory of modern political economy as enunciated by Mr. Mill, M.P., and Mr. Fawcett, M.P., Londres, Longmans, 1866.
Maffeo, V. “Astrazioni generali e astrazioni determinate: alcune considerazioni sul metodo dell’economia politica”, M. Pivetti, ed., Piero Sraffa: contributi per una biografia intellettuale, Roma, Carocci, 2000.
Marshall, A. Principles of economics, 8th ed., Londres, Macmillan, 1980.
Marx, K. Capital: A critique of political economy [1867-1894], vols. I-III, Moscú, Foreign Languages Publishing House, 1961-1963.
Marx, K. Theories of surplus value [1862-1863], vols. I-III, Moscú, Progress Publisher, 1978.
McNulty, P. The origins and development of labor economics: A chapter in the history of social thought, Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1980.
Menger, C. Principles of economics, Nueva York y Londres, New York University Press, 1871.
Menger, C. Die Irrthümer des Historismus in der Deutschen Nationalökonomie, Viena, Alfred Hölder, 1884.
Menger, C. “On the origin of money”, The Economic Journal, 1892, pp. 239-255.
Mill, J. S. Essays on some unsettled questions of political economy, Londres, John W. Parker, 1844.
Mill, J. S. Principles of political economy, with some of their applications to social philosophy, “Collected works of John Stuart Mill”, vol. II, University of Toronto Press, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965.
Mincer, J. Schooling, experience, and earnings, Nueva York, Columbia University Press, 1974.
Mongiovi, G. “The American Methodenstreit”, HES Bulletin 10, 1, 1988, pp. 57-65.
Mun, T. English treasure by foreign trade, Londres, 1664.
North, D. G. Institutions, institutional change and economic performance, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990.
Parry, C. E. “A revaluation of traditional economic theory, American Economic Review 11, 1, Supplement, 1921a, pp. 123-131.
Parry, C. E. “Traditional economic theory – Discussion”, American Economic Review 11, 1, Supplement, 1921b, pp. 143-147.
Pasinetti, L. “La teoria economica della domanda effettiva”, L. Pasinetti, Sviluppo economico e distribuzione del reddito, Bolonia, Il Mulino, 1974.
Ricardo, D. The works and correspondence of David Ricardo, P. Sraffa, ed., Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1951-1973.
Robbins, L. An essay on the nature and significance of economic science [1932], Londres, MacMillan, 1984.
Roncaglia, A. The wealth of ideas, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Samuelson, P. A. “Economic theory and wages”, W. D. McCord, ed., The impact of the Union, Nueva York, Harcourt, Brace, 1951.
Schumpeter, J. A. “Mitchell’s business cycles”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 45, 1, 1930, pp. 150-172.
Schumpeter, J. A. History of economic analysis, Londres, Allen and Unwin, 1982.
Smith, A. An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations [1776], Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1976.
Solow, R. M. The labor market as a social institution, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 1990.
Spencer, D. The political economy of work, Abingdon, Routledge, 2009.
Spengler, G. J. “Adam Smith on population growth and economic development”, Population and Development Review 2, 2, 1976, pp. 167-180.
Sraffa, P. Production of commodities by means of commodities, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1960.
Stigler, G. J. “Perfect competition, historically contemplated”, Journal
of Political Economy 65, 1, 1957, pp. 1-17.
Thornton, W. T. On labour. Its wrongful claims and rightful dues. Its actual present and possible future [1869], Londres, MacMillan, reimpreso por Edizioni Bizzarri, Roma, 1969.
Veblen, T. The theory of the leisure class: An economic study of institutions [1899], Nueva York, A. M. Kelley, 1912.
Veblen, T. “Why is economics not an evolutionary science?”, Quarterly Journal of Economics 12, 3, 1898, pp. 373-397.
Veblen, T. “The preconceptions of economic science (III), Quarterly Journal of Economics 14, 2, 1900, pp. 240-269.
Veblen, T. “The limitations of marginal utility”, Journal of political Economy 17, 9, 1909, pp. 620-636.
Veblen, T. The instinct of workmanship, and the state of the industrial arts, Nueva York, MacMillan, 1914.
Webb, S. y B. Webb. Industrial democracy, Londres, Longmans, 1926.
Wicksteed, P. H. The common sense of political economy [1910], Nueva York, A. M. Kelley, 1980.
Williamson, O. Markets and hierarchies, Nueva York, Free Press, 1975.
Young, A. A. “Increasing returns and economic progress”, Economic Journal 38, 4, 1928, pp. 527-542.