Un modelo de elección de medidas tributarias. El caso de América Latina
A choice model of tax measures. The Latin America case
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Resumen
Este artículo presenta un modelo que supone la racionalidad de los políticos y gobernantes cuando fijan las tasas de impuestos de renta y de consumo de cada contribuyente, y sugiere que esas decisiones dependen del tamaño y la movilidad política de los grupos de votantes y de sus expectativas sobre las condiciones económicas, entre otros factores, lo que ayuda a explicar las reformas regresivas adoptadas en América Latina durante las crisis económicas desde los años ochenta. Además, contrasta el modelo con un panel de datos no balanceado de 18 países para el periodo 1980-2010.
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Referencias (VER)
Besley, T. y T. Persson. "The origins of State capacity: Property rights, taxation, and politics", American Economic Review 99, 4, 2009, pp. 1218-1244.
Besley, T. y T. Persson. "State capacity, conflict, and development", Econometrica 78, 1, 2010, pp. 1-34.
Bornhorst, F.; S. Gupta y J. Thornton. "Natural resource endowments and the domestic revenue effort", European Journal of Political Economy 25, 4, 2009, pp. 439-446.
Botlhole, T. "Natural resources, institutions and tax revenue mobilization in sub-Sahara Africa", comunicación presentada en la Conferencia sobre Economía Aplicada, Kastoria, Instituto Tecnológico de Macedonia Occidental, 2011.
Castanheira, M.; G. Nicodeme y P. Profeta. "On the political economics of tax reforms: Survey and empirical assessment", International Tax and Public Finance 19, 4, 2012, pp. 598-624.
Castañeda, V. "Una revisión de los determinantes de la estructura y el recaudo tributario: el caso latinoamericano tras la crisis de la deuda externa", Cuadernos de Economía 57, 2012, pp. 77-112.
Castañeda, V. "El gasto social como factor que favorece una mayor dependencia del IVA. Un análisis para el caso colombiano", Ecos de Economía 38, 2014, pp. 185-215.
Coughlin, P. Probabilistic voting theory, Cambridge, Mass., Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Dioda, L. Structural determinants of tax revenue in Latin America and the Caribbean: 1990-2009, México D. F., Cepal, 2012.
Friedman, M. A theory of consumption function, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1957.
Galli, E. y P. Profeta. "The political economy of tax complexity", Pavia, Società Italiana di Economia Pubblica, 2007.
Galston, W. "Political knowledge, political engagement, and civic education", Annual Review of Political Science 4, 2001, pp. 217-234.
Ghura, D. "Tax revenue in sub-Sahara Africa: Effects of economic policies and corruption", working paper, Washington, IMF, 1998.
González, J. y A. Pecha. "Tasa de preferencia intertemporal, equilibrio y estabilidad en los modelos de crecimiento neoclásico", Cuadernos de Economía 32, 2000, pp. 61-76.
Hettich, W. y S. Winer. "Economic and political foundations of tax structure", American Economic Review 78, 4, 1988, pp. 701-712.
Hettich, W. y S. Winer. "The political economy of taxation", C. Muller, ed., Perspectives on Public Choice, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 481-505.
Hettich, W. y S. Winer. Democratic choice and taxation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Jiménez, J.; J. Gómez y A. Podestá, comps., Evasión y equidad en América Latina, Santiago de Chile, Cepal, 2010.
Mahdavi, S. "The level and composition of tax revenue in developing countries: Evidence from unbalanced panel data", International Review of Economics and Finance 17, 4, 2008, pp. 607-617.
Persson, T. y G. Tabellini. Political economics. Explaining economic policy, Cambridge, MIT Press, 2000.
Persson, T. y G. Tabellini. "Political economics and public finance", A. Auerbach y M. Feldstein, eds., Handbook of Public Economics, vol. III, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2002.
Profeta, P. "Political support and tax reforms with an application to Italy", Public Choice 131, 2007, pp. 141-155.
Tanzi, V. y H. Zee. "Tax policy for emerging markets: developing countries", National Tax Journal 53, 2000, pp. 299-322.
Torgler, B. "Tax morale in Latin America", Public Choice 122, 1-2, 2005, pp. 133-157.
Winer, S. "Normative public finance for political economists", comunicación presentada en la reunión de la Sociedad Europea de Elección Pública, Belgirate, Italia, 2002.
Winer, S. y W. Hettich. "The political economy of taxation: Positive and normative analysis when collective choice matters", working paper, Ottawa, Carleton University, 2003.
Besley, T. y T. Persson. "State capacity, conflict, and development", Econometrica 78, 1, 2010, pp. 1-34.
Bornhorst, F.; S. Gupta y J. Thornton. "Natural resource endowments and the domestic revenue effort", European Journal of Political Economy 25, 4, 2009, pp. 439-446.
Botlhole, T. "Natural resources, institutions and tax revenue mobilization in sub-Sahara Africa", comunicación presentada en la Conferencia sobre Economía Aplicada, Kastoria, Instituto Tecnológico de Macedonia Occidental, 2011.
Castanheira, M.; G. Nicodeme y P. Profeta. "On the political economics of tax reforms: Survey and empirical assessment", International Tax and Public Finance 19, 4, 2012, pp. 598-624.
Castañeda, V. "Una revisión de los determinantes de la estructura y el recaudo tributario: el caso latinoamericano tras la crisis de la deuda externa", Cuadernos de Economía 57, 2012, pp. 77-112.
Castañeda, V. "El gasto social como factor que favorece una mayor dependencia del IVA. Un análisis para el caso colombiano", Ecos de Economía 38, 2014, pp. 185-215.
Coughlin, P. Probabilistic voting theory, Cambridge, Mass., Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Dioda, L. Structural determinants of tax revenue in Latin America and the Caribbean: 1990-2009, México D. F., Cepal, 2012.
Friedman, M. A theory of consumption function, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1957.
Galli, E. y P. Profeta. "The political economy of tax complexity", Pavia, Società Italiana di Economia Pubblica, 2007.
Galston, W. "Political knowledge, political engagement, and civic education", Annual Review of Political Science 4, 2001, pp. 217-234.
Ghura, D. "Tax revenue in sub-Sahara Africa: Effects of economic policies and corruption", working paper, Washington, IMF, 1998.
González, J. y A. Pecha. "Tasa de preferencia intertemporal, equilibrio y estabilidad en los modelos de crecimiento neoclásico", Cuadernos de Economía 32, 2000, pp. 61-76.
Hettich, W. y S. Winer. "Economic and political foundations of tax structure", American Economic Review 78, 4, 1988, pp. 701-712.
Hettich, W. y S. Winer. "The political economy of taxation", C. Muller, ed., Perspectives on Public Choice, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1997, pp. 481-505.
Hettich, W. y S. Winer. Democratic choice and taxation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Jiménez, J.; J. Gómez y A. Podestá, comps., Evasión y equidad en América Latina, Santiago de Chile, Cepal, 2010.
Mahdavi, S. "The level and composition of tax revenue in developing countries: Evidence from unbalanced panel data", International Review of Economics and Finance 17, 4, 2008, pp. 607-617.
Persson, T. y G. Tabellini. Political economics. Explaining economic policy, Cambridge, MIT Press, 2000.
Persson, T. y G. Tabellini. "Political economics and public finance", A. Auerbach y M. Feldstein, eds., Handbook of Public Economics, vol. III, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 2002.
Profeta, P. "Political support and tax reforms with an application to Italy", Public Choice 131, 2007, pp. 141-155.
Tanzi, V. y H. Zee. "Tax policy for emerging markets: developing countries", National Tax Journal 53, 2000, pp. 299-322.
Torgler, B. "Tax morale in Latin America", Public Choice 122, 1-2, 2005, pp. 133-157.
Winer, S. "Normative public finance for political economists", comunicación presentada en la reunión de la Sociedad Europea de Elección Pública, Belgirate, Italia, 2002.
Winer, S. y W. Hettich. "The political economy of taxation: Positive and normative analysis when collective choice matters", working paper, Ottawa, Carleton University, 2003.