The foreign policy of South Korea towards Japan: The colonial past in the contemporary dynamics of the Park Geun-Hye, Moon Jae-In, and Yoon Suk-Yeol administrations
The foreign policy of South Korea towards Japan: The colonial past in the contemporary dynamics of the Park Geun-Hye, Moon Jae-In, and Yoon Suk-Yeol administrations
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Permeada por memorias traumáticas y reclamos de reconocimiento y compensación del pasado colonial, la relación bilateral entre Corea del Sur y Japón experimentó tensiones intensas durante las administraciones de Park Geun-hye (2013-2017) y Moon Jae-in (2017-2022). Park estipuló que el reconocimiento del pasado colonial sería un requisito para mejorar las relaciones con Tokio, y el Acuerdo de las Mujeres de Confort, firmado inesperadamente, tuvo su legitimidad cuestionada. Durante su mandato, Moon invalidó el Acuerdo de las Mujeres de Confort y exigió una resolución centrada en las demandas de las víctimas, además de abogar para que las empresas japonesas compensaran a los surcoreanos obligados a trabajar en sus instalaciones durante la colonización. En un panorama diferente, el gobierno conservador de Yoon Suk-yeol (2022-presente) adoptó una postura de reestructurar las relaciones entre Corea del Sur y Japón sin criticar los efectos de la colonización o buscar el reconocimiento de la responsabilidad de este país. Esta investigación analiza cómo las administraciones de Park, Moon y Yoon han manejado la agenda colonial en la política exterior surcoreana, resultando en fricciones o acercamientos con Japón. Se argumenta que Park intensificó los agravios históricos, incluso después del Acuerdo de las Mujeres de Confort, debido a su enfoque insatisfactorio. Moon, centrado en sanar las heridas coloniales, enfrentó fricciones diplomáticas, económicas y de seguridad ante la negativa de Japón a revisitar el pasado. Por último, Yoon, al buscar la reconciliación con Japón, logró un acercamiento en un tono de sumisión, socavando las reclamaciones de justicia de las víctimas.
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