Teoría moderna de portafolio: desarrollos fundamentales, extensiones y enfoques robustos
Modern Portfolio Theory: Fundamental Developments, Extensions, and Robust Approaches
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En este trabajo se presentan los principales desarrollos teóricos de la teoría moderna de portafolios. Inicialmente, se introducen los elementos fundamentales del modelo media-varianza (MV) de Markowitz, su formulación y solución del problema de optimización, así como sus limitaciones. Luego, se presentan diferentes extensiones del MV al introducir medidas alternativas de riesgo, así como los ajustes del modelo de construcción de portafolios. En este ámbito, se expone el enfoque de downside risk. Finalmente, se introducen los enfoques robustos de portafolio teniendo en cuenta los enfoques: bayesiano, de optimización robusta y de paridad de riesgo. Desde estos nuevos enfoques se resaltan aquellos ajustes que permiten superar las principales limitaciones del modelo MV. También, se introducen desarrollos recientes que extienden las formulaciones originales del modelo de portafolio para tratar nuevos desafíos y problemáticas actuales.
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